ArticleNeural regeneration research2021
High mobility group box 1 mediates inflammatory response of astrocytes via cyclooxygenase 2/prostaglandin E2 signaling following spinal cord injury.
Article in Neural regeneration research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Comprehensive Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Arachidonic acid metabolism in spinal cord injury.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Artemisinin attenuates 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurodegeneration via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB modulation in a rat model of huntington's disease.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- Liposome-encapsulated clodronate and COX-2 inhibitor treatment impair ventilatory recovery but improve compensatory locomotor function following cervical spinal cord injury in rats.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Management and Prevention Strategies for Adolescent Primary Dysmenorrhea: From Precision Diagnosis to Comprehensive Intervention.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption after spinal cord injury: a time-dependent mechanistic review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Astrocytic ET-1 System Determines Microglia Phenotype Following Spinal Cord Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Regulatory effect of inflammatory mediators in spinal cord injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Usp18 Mediates D-Dopachrome Tautomerase-Induced Astrocytic Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Human iPSC-based disease modeling studies identify a common mechanistic defect and potential therapies for AMD and related macular dystrophies.Developmental cell · 2024Article
- Inhibition of HMGB1 Attenuates Spinal Cord Edema by Reducing the Expression of NaJournal of neurotrauma · 2023Article
- Reduced non-CpG methylation is a potential epigenetic target after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor facilitates astrocytic production of the CCL2 chemokine following spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Autophagy regulation combined with stem cell therapy for treatment of spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Spinal Cord Injury and Its Potential Role in Brain Functional Remodeling After Spinal Cord Injury.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Functions and mechanisms of cytosolic phospholipase ANeural regeneration research · 2023Review
- D-dopachrome tautomerase drives astroglial inflammation via NF-κB signaling following spinal cord injury.Cell & bioscience · 2022Article
- Thrombin acts as inducer of proinflammatory macrophage migration inhibitory factor in astrocytes following rat spinal cord injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- High Mobility Group Box 1: Biological Functions and Relevance in Oxidative Stress Related Chronic Diseases.Cells · 2022Review
- Hydrogels in Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) interacts with pattern-recognition receptors of immune cells to activate the inflammatory response. Astrocytes play a positive role in the inflammatory response of the central nervous system by expressing a broad range of pattern-recognition receptors. However, the underlying relationship between HMGB1 and the inflammatory reaction of astrocytes remains unclear. In this study, we established rat models of spinal cord injury via laminectomy at the T8-10 level, and the injured spinal cord was subjected to transcriptome sequencing. Our results showed that the HMGB1/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis was involved in the activation of astrocyte inflammatory response through regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling. Both TLR4 and COX2 were distributed in astrocytes and showed elevated protein levels following spinal cord injury. Stimulation of primary astrocytes with recombinant HMGB1 showed that COX2 and microsomal PGE synthase (mPGES)-1, rather than COX1, mPGES-2, or cytosolic PGE synthase, were significantly upregulated. Accordingly, PGE2 production in astrocytes was remarkably increased in response to recombinant HMGB1 challenges. Pharmacologic blockade of TLR2/4 attenuated HMGB1-mediated activation of the COX2/PGE2 pathway. Interestingly, HMGB1 did not impact the production of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-1β in astrocytes. Our results suggest that HMGB1 mediates the astrocyte inflammatory response through regulating the COX2/PGE2 signaling pathway. The study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Nantong University, China (approval No. 20181204-001) on December 4, 2018.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.