ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2021
MAIT cell activation augments adenovirus vector vaccine immunogenicity.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intraepithelial lymphocytes in human oral diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Innate immune cell activation after HIV-1 vaccine administration is associated with increased antibody production.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Review
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Gut archaea drive human MAIT cell responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Avoidance of MAIT cells is an essential determinant ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Systems vaccinology analysis of saRNA immunization identifies an acute innate immune signature correlated with adaptive immunity.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Possible role of pre-vaccination T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines in children undergoing chemotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The High Expression of PD-1 Defines A Subpopulation of Tfh Cells Responding to COVID-19 Vaccine in Humans.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells: Origins, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- Dosing interval is a major factor determining the quality of T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Immune Monitoring after Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Guidelines by the ISCT Stem Cell Engineering Committee.Cytotherapy · 2025Review
- Human tonsil organoids reveal innate pathways modulating humoral and cellular responses to ChAdOx1.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination elicits the expansion of CD16The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- MAIT cells protect against sterile lung injury.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Viral Infections and Their Function in Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- MAIT cells modulating the oral lichen planus immune microenvironment: a cellular crosstalk perspective.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate sensors of viruses and can augment early immune responses and contribute to protection. We hypothesized that MAIT cells may have inherent adjuvant activity in vaccine platforms that use replication-incompetent adenovirus vectors. In mice and humans, ChAdOx1 (chimpanzee adenovirus Ox1) immunization robustly activated MAIT cells. Activation required plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-derived interferon (IFN)-α and monocyte-derived interleukin-18. IFN-α-induced, monocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor was also identified as a key secondary signal. All three cytokines were required in vitro and in vivo. Activation of MAIT cells positively correlated with vaccine-induced T cell responses in human volunteers and MAIT cell-deficient mice displayed impaired CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.