ArticleSleep health2021
Sleeping when the world locks down: Correlates of sleep health during the COVID-19 pandemic across 59 countries.
Article in Sleep health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- An observatory on changes in dreaming during a pandemic: a living systematic review (part 1).Journal of sleep research · 2023Pooled it
- Sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Sleep medicine reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Sleep Across the Pandemic in Norwegian University and College Students: A National Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis (2010-2023).Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Sleep patterns during the pandemic and covid-related stress: a large-scale study in the general population of Serbia and Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina).Population health metrics · 2026Article
- Sleep quality and disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic among people with HIV globally: associations with social determinants of health.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- An ecological analysis of sleep health across five African-origin populations spanning the epidemiologic transition.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Sleep duration and quality trajectories during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: a Canadian nationally representative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- How anxiety and depression mediate the link between sleep quality and health perception during crisis periods.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Association between sleep timing shifts and dietary quality in Korean high school girls during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Article
- Digital and AI-Enhanced Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Neurocognitive Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Social connectedness and sleep in Blackfeet American Indian adults.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of sleep duration among children in Samoa.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS-J).BMC psychology · 2024Article
- COVID-19-Evidence of the Impact of Literacy and Salutogenic Behaviours in Positive Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Impacts of COVID-19 on Stress in Middle School Teachers and Staff in Minnesota: An Exploratory Study Using Random Forest Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Pet ownership and lifestyle behaviours of immunosuppressed individuals and their relatives in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic Responses among National Guard Service Members: Stressors, Coping Strategies, Sleep Difficultiesand Substance Use.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- COVID-19 related distress and sleep health among trauma-exposed South Asians: Does generational status matter?Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2023Article
- Emotional Exhaustion, a Proxy for Burnout, Is Associated with Sleep Health in French Healthcare Workers without Anxiety or Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCOVID-19 escalated into a global pandemic affecting countries around the world. As communities shut down to reduce disease spread, all aspects of life have been altered, including sleep. This study investigated changes in sleep patterns and correlates of sleep health in a global sample and examined relationships between sleep health and psychological distress.
designCross-sectional. SETTINGS: Online survey distributed between April 19 and May 3, 2020.
participantsTotal 6882 participants (18-94 years) across 59 countries. MEASUREMENTS: Sleep health (RU-SATED), demographics, pandemic-related factors, mood.
resultsMore than half the sample shifted their sleep toward later bed- and wake-times, and more than a third reported increased sleep disturbances during the pandemic. Older age, being partnered, and living in a higher income country were associated with better sleep health, while a stricter level of quarantine and pandemic-related factors (being laid off from job, financial strain, or difficulties transitioning to working from home) were associated with poorer sleep health. Domestic conflict was the strongest correlate of poorer sleep health. Poorer sleep health was strongly associated with greater depression and anxiety symptoms. Participants from Latin America reported the lowest sleep health scores.
conclusionsCOVID-19-associated factors have impacted sleep health on a global level. While our data are correlational, sleep health is strongly linked with mental health and could play a protective role against developing mental distress during pandemic-related isolation. Sleep health should be incorporated into public health messages aimed at helping people cope with the effects of a pandemic to maintain optimal mental and physical health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.