ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2021
Epigenetic immunomodulatory effect of eugenol and astaxanthin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in hormonal positive breast Cancer cells.
Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rosmarinic Acid Enhances Doxorubicin Activity in MDA-MB-231 Cells: Associations with Intracellular Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Natural Plant Bioactives as Regulators of Histone Modifications: Bridging Epigenetics and Anticancer Therapy.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Review
- Histone modifications across cancers: mechanisms, therapy and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Targeted phytotherapy: essential oils, multi-target cancer action & nanodelivery.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Investigating the Epigenetic Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Eugenol: An Insight Into the Anticancer Perspective and Pharmacological Aspects.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Astaxanthin in cancer therapy and prevention (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- From Natural Sources to Synthetic Derivatives: The Allyl Motif as a Powerful Tool for Fragment-Based Design in Cancer Treatment.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Combination of Conventional Drugs with Biocompounds Derived from Cinnamic Acid: A Promising Option for Breast Cancer Therapy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Eugenol in Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancement.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Wild epiphytic Bangladeshi orchidsJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHormonal receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed molecular subtype of breast cancer; which showed good response to doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Eugenol (EUG) and astaxanthin (AST) are natural compounds with proved epigenetic and immunomodulatory effects in several cancer cell lines. This study has been initiated to investigate the molecular mechanism (s) whereby EUG and AST could enhance DOX cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells.
methodsCytotoxic activity of DOX alone and combined with either 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST was performed using sulphorhodamine-B assay in MCF7 cells. Global histones acetylation and some immunological markers were investigated using ELISA, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Functional assay of multidrug resistance was performed using rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 3342 dyes. Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide were used to assess the change in cell cycle and apoptosis along with the expression of some differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy proteins.
resultsDOX alone resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with IC
conclusionEUG and AST potentiated the anticancer activity of DOX through epigenetic histones acetylation along with the immunonomodulation of different apoptotic approaches in MCF7 cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.