ArticleBMC women's health2021
The role of water intake in the severity of pain and menstrual distress among females suffering from primary dysmenorrhea: a semi-experimental study.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fueling Women's Football: Evidence-Informed Practical Nutrition Strategies for Performance and Health.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- A Cross-Sectional Study of the Association of Neck Circumference and Cardiovascular Risk Among Market Women in Ghana.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Traditional Chinese medicine treatment strategies for primary dysmenorrhea.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Long-term effect of increasing water intake on repeated self-assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Association between dietary intake of creatine and female reproductive health: Evidence from NHANES 2017-2020.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Knowledge, perceptions, and management of symptoms of hormonal imbalance among adolescent girls in selected schools in Ghana: a qualitative exploratory study.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Article
- Effect of Lumbar Spine Mobility and Postural Alignment on Menstrual Pain in Young Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Adolescent girls' descriptions of dysmenorrhea and barriers to dysmenorrhea management in Moshi, Tanzania: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDysmenorrhea is the most common health problem among women of reproductive age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modifying role of water intake in menstrual distress and severity of pain among young female adolescents.
methodA semi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of undergraduate female students aged 18-30 years in Isfahan, Iran from 2016 to 2019. Volunteers who had history of suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and drank less than 1600 ml water per day were assigned into water intake (n = 70) and control (n = 70) groups. Participants could select the group in which they desired to be considered. The water intake group was asked to drink water regularly based on a protocol for two menstrual periods while the control group did not receive any form of intervention. Demographic information and menstrual characteristics and severity of menstrual pain (based on a visual analogue scale), were obtained using a short questionnaire. The data were compared between and within two groups before and after intervention using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and the Friedman's analysis of variance.
resultsThe mean age (SD) of participants was 22.0 (2.7) years and 77 students reported normal duration of menstrual bleeding. The number of students who had normal duration of menstrual bleeding (4-6 days) in water intake group increased after intervention (39 vs. 49 after first and 46 after second cycles of menstruation). However, the interval of menstrual cycle did not change significantly in either groups. Considerable decrease in using pain killer was observed in water intake group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between control and water intake groups before intervention in pain intensity (pain mean score 7.64 vs. 7.06), but within group comparison showed that pain intensity was significantly decreased among water intake group (p < 0.0001) while for control group only a significant decrease was observed for the first day of menstrual bleeding.
conclusionThe findings suggest that water intake might have modifying role in reducing menstrual bleeding duration, pain killer utilization, and pain intensity during menstrual period.
trial registrationIRCT20180708040377N1, 16 April 2020, Retrospectively registered, at https://www.irct.ir/trial/32446.
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