Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33508383›Full record

ArticleProgress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry2021

Patterns of cilia gene dysregulations in major psychiatric disorders.

Wedad Alhassen, Siwei Chen, Marquis Vawter, Brianna Kay Robbins, Henry Nguyen, Thant Nyi Myint, Yumiko Saito, Anton Schulmann, Surya M Nauli, Olivier Civelli and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. Primary cilia and neural computation.Journal of biomedical science · 2026
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  10. Differential Association of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Wedad AlhassenDepartments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Siwei ChenDepartment of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Marquis VawterDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA.
Brianna Kay RobbinsDepartments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Henry NguyenDepartments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Thant Nyi MyintDepartments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Yumiko SaitoGraduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan.
Anton SchulmannDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Surya M NauliDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
Olivier CivelliDepartments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Pierre BaldiDepartment of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Amal AlachkarDepartments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California-, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Computer Science, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: aalachka@uci.edu.
University of California, Irvine · USChapman University · USHiroshima University · JP

Funding

Mitochondrial Dysfunction In SchizophreniaR01MH085801 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI VAWTER, MARQUIS PHILIP · 2009 to 2020
$5.0M
Bioinformatics Tools for Circadian BiologyR01GM123558 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Pierre Baldi · 2017 to 2026
$2.4M
The roles of neuronal primary cilia in Alzheimer's diseaseR01HL147311 · NHLBI · CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY · PI ALACHKAR, AMAL, NAULI, SURYA · 2020 to 2023
$2.1M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147311NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM123558NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085801
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Primary cilia function as cells' antennas to detect and transduce external stimuli and play crucial roles in cell signaling and communication. The vast majority of cilia genes that are causally linked with ciliopathies are also associated with neurological deficits, such as cognitive impairments. Yet, the roles of cilia dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders have not been studied. Our aim is to identify patterns of cilia gene dysregulation in the four major psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia (SCZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BP), and major depressive disorder (MDD). For this purpose, we acquired differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the largest and most recent publicly available databases. We found that 42%, 24%, 17%, and 15% of brain-expressed cilia genes were significantly differentially expressed in SCZ, ASD, BP, and MDD, respectively. Several genes exhibited cross-disorder overlap, suggesting that typical cilia signaling pathways' dysfunctions determine susceptibility to more than one psychiatric disorder or may partially underlie their pathophysiology. Our study revealed that genes encoding proteins of almost all sub-cilia structural and functional compartments were dysregulated in the four psychiatric disorders. Strikingly, the genes of 75% of cilia GPCRs and 50% of the transition zone proteins were differentially expressed in SCZ. The present study is the first to draw associations between cilia and major psychiatric disorders, and is the first step toward understanding the role that cilia components play in their pathophysiological processes, which may lead to novel therapeutic targets for these disorders.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationBrainCiliaDatabases, GeneticGene Expression ProfilingHumansMental DisordersAutismBipolar disorderCiliaCompartmentsDEGsDepressionSchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID33508383
PMCPMC9121176
OpenAlexW3124085478

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.