ArticleEnvironmental research2021
Estimating aerosol transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City public schools during reopening.
Article in Environmental research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measures implemented in the school setting to contain the COVID-19 pandemicThe Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Ventilation and filtration strategies to reduce respiratory infections in schools: a scoping review.Public health reviews · 2026Review
- From Entry to Outbreak in a High School Setting: Clinical and Wastewater Surveillance of a Rare SARS-CoV-2 Variant.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- New ventilation design criteria for energy sustainability and indoor air quality in a post Covid-19 scenario.Renewable & sustainable energy reviews · 2023Article
- A review on indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19- modelling and mitigation approaches.Journal of building engineering · 2023Review
- The Influence of Ventilation Measures on the Airborne Risk of Infection in Schools: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exhaled aerosols among PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Assessment of indoor air quality and risk of COVID-19 infection in Spanish secondary school and university classrooms.Building and environment · 2022Article
- Article
- Contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on fomite surfaces: surface survival and risk reduction.Interface focus · 2022Review
- The Role of Meteorological Variables and Aerosols in the Transmission of COVID-19 During Harmattan Season.GeoHealth · 2022Article
- Exhaled Aerosols in SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction-Positive Children and Age-Matched-Negative Controls.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Ventilation in worker dormitories and its impact on the spread of respiratory droplets.Sustainable cities and society · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2 transmission in classroom settings: Effects of mitigation, age, and Delta variant.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- Ventilation procedures to minimize the airborne transmission of viruses in classrooms.Building and environment · 2021Article
- Value of anal swabs for SARS-COV-2 detection: a literature review.International journal of medical sciences · 2021Review
- Modeling the Transmission of COVID-19: Impact of Mitigation Strategies in Prekindergarten-Grade 12 Public Schools, United States, 2021.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among students and teachers in New York City public schools, the largest school system in the US. Classroom measurements conducted from December 2017 to September 2018 were used to estimate risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission using a modified Wells-Riley equation under a steady-state conditions and varying exposure scenarios (infectious student versus teacher, susceptible student versus teacher, with and without masks). We then used multivariable linear regression with GEE to identify school and classroom factors that impact transmission risk. Overall, 101 classrooms in 19 schools were assessed, 86 during the heating season, 69 during cooling season, and 54 during both. The mean probability of transmission was generally low but varied by scenario (range: 0.0015-0.81). Transmission rates were higher during the heating season (beta=0.108, p=0.010), in schools in higher income neighborhoods (>80K versus 20K-40K beta=0.196, p<0.001) and newer buildings (<50 years beta=0.237, p=<0.001; 50-99 years beta=0.230, p=0.013 versus 100+ years) and lower in schools with mechanical ventilation (beta=0.141, p=0.057). Surprisingly, schools located in older buildings and lower-income neighborhoods had lower transmission probabilities, likely due to the greater outdoor airflow associated with an older, non-renovated buildings that allow air to leak in (i.e. drafty buildings). Despite the generally low risk of school-based transmission found in this study, with SARS-CoV-2 prevalence rising in New York City this risk will increase and additional mitigation steps should be implemented in schools now.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.