ArticleCell2021
Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06857136 (The Role of the Glymphatic System Avaluated Thourgh mr Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of NPH), which is not on this map. Cited by 426 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
426citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
42.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Role of the Glymphatic System Avaluated Thourgh mr Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of NPH
Who cites it
426 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 625 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of meningeal lymphatic vessels in brain homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Meningeal Lymphatic LTBR Deficiency Links Spinal Cord Injury to Secondary Brain Pathology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The glymphatic-lymphatic axis: known pathways, open questions, and emerging roles in neurodegeneration.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Article
- Hospital-treated infection associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology: underlying mechanisms.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Article
- Border-Associated Macrophage Migrasomes in Alzheimer's Disease: An Emerging Aβ-Senescence-Microglia Axis?Cells · 2026Review
- Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Beyond the tumour microenvironment: Harnessing border immunity for glioblastoma immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Central nervous system lymphatic network: from the maintenance of brain homeostasis to emerging therapeutic perspectives in neurodegenerative diseases.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Cerebral venous blood flow regulates intracerebral pressure and brain clearance via meningeal lymphatic vessels.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Compartmentalized B cell-microglia crosstalk drives ischemic white matter demyelination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy for Glioma: A compartmental framework for resistance and rational combination design.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Peripheral CD4 T-Cell State Remodeling in Migraine Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune Duality of CD4⁺ T Cells: Drivers of Damage and Repair in the Brain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Driven microglia reprogramming reverses depressive-like behaviors through Peripheral-to-Central immune crosstalk.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Metastatic Cancers Exploit Vagal Sensory Neurons and Neural Repair Programs to Colonize New Tissues.Research square · 2026Article
- [Advances in innate immune-mediated neuroinflammatory mechanisms of migraine].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
366 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
24 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Justin RustenhovenCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: rustenhoven@wustl.edu.
Antoine DrieuCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Tornike MamuladzeCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Kalil Alves de LimaCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Taitea DykstraCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Morgan WallDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Zachary PapadopoulosCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Mitsuhiro KanamoriCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Andrea Francesca SalvadorCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Wendy BakerDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Mackenzie LemieuxDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Sandro Da MesquitaDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Andrea CugurraDepartment of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Gutenberg Research Fellowship Group of Neuroimmunology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
James FitzpatrickWashington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Sanja SvibenWashington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Ross KossinaWashington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Peter BayguinovWashington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Reid R TownsendDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Qiang ZhangDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Petra Erdmann-GilmoreDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Igor SmirnovCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Maria-Beatriz LopesDepartment of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Jasmin HerzCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Jonathan KipnisCenter for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Gutenberg Research Fellowship Group of Neuroimmunology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: kipnis@wustl.edu.
Washington University in St. Louis · USUniversity of Virginia · USJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DEMayo Clinic in Florida · US
Funding
Washington University Center for Cellular ImagingP30CA091842 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TIMOTHY J. EBERLEIN · 2001 to 2026
$128.0MWU INSTITUTE OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCESUL1TR002345 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI William G. Powderly · 2017 to 2026
$97.8MWashington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4MTrainingP41GM103422 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI YARASHESKI, KEVIN E · 2012 to 2019
$12.0MNeural code of the immune responsesDP1AT010416 · NCCIH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KIPNIS, JONATHAN · 2018 to 2022
$5.6MMeninges-to-astrocyte communication in cognitive functionR01AG034113 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI KIPNIS, JONATHAN · 2010 to 2019
$3.8MImmune system supports brain functionR37AG034113 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Jonathan Kipnis · 2020 to 2026
$3.7MMeningeal Lymphatics and Immunity in Alzheimer's DiseaseRF1AG057496 · NIA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI KIPNIS, JONATHAN · 2017 to 2017
$2.5MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCCIH NIH HHS DP1 AT010416NCI NIH HHS P30 CA091842NIA NIH HHS R01 AG034113NIA NIH HHS R37 AG034113NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057496NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103422
Abstract
Despite the established dogma of central nervous system (CNS) immune privilege, neuroimmune interactions play an active role in diverse neurological disorders. However, the precise mechanisms underlying CNS immune surveillance remain elusive; particularly, the anatomical sites where peripheral adaptive immunity can sample CNS-derived antigens and the cellular and molecular mediators orchestrating this surveillance. Here, we demonstrate that CNS-derived antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulate around the dural sinuses, are captured by local antigen-presenting cells, and are presented to patrolling T cells. This surveillance is enabled by endothelial and mural cells forming the sinus stromal niche. T cell recognition of CSF-derived antigens at this site promoted tissue resident phenotypes and effector functions within the dural meninges. These findings highlight the critical role of dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface, where brain antigens are surveyed under steady-state conditions, and shed light on age-related dysfunction and neuroinflammatory attack in animal models of multiple sclerosis.
Indexed as
AnimalsAntigen PresentationAntigen-Presenting CellsAntigensCellular SenescenceChemokine CXCL12Cranial SinusesDura MaterFemaleHomeostasisHumansImmunityMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLPhenotypeAntigensChemokine CXCL12antigen presentationCNS autoimmunityCSF flowdura matermeningeal immunitymeningeal lymphaticsmeningesneuroimmunologysinusstromal cells
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT06857136ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.