ReviewEndocrinology2021
Glucocorticoids and the Brain after Critical Illness.
Review in Endocrinology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translational interdisciplinary research on human chorionic gonadotropin's enhancement of neuroendocrine crosstalk: a novel medical hypothesis for systemic adjunctive treatment of psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The Key Drivers of Brain Injury by Systemic Inflammatory Responses after Sepsis: Microglia and Neuroinflammation.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Pooled it
- Monitoring Neurocognitive Functioning After Pediatric Cellular Therapy or Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: Guidelines From the COG Neurocognition in Cellular Therapies Task Force.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Guideline
- Bilateral functional hippocampectomy following recurrent bacterial meningitis: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Mas Knockout Mice Present Altered Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Coping Responses to Chronic Unpredictable Stress.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Corticosteroids in sepsis.Journal of intensive medicine · 2025Review
- Establishment of a Depression Model Using Dexamethasone-treated Three-dimensional Cultured Rat Cortical Cells.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- SRT2104 enhances dendritic outgrowth and spine formation through Sirtuin 1-mediated mTORC1 signaling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical value of the correlation between depression and cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatments update.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Role of damage-associated molecular patterns in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of traumatic brain injury.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- Corticosteroid-Induced Psychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Clinical Implications.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Cognitive Restoration Effects of Resveratrol: Insight Molecular through Behavioral Studies in Various Cognitive Impairment Models.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Review
- Emotional comorbidities in epilepsy result from seizure-induced corticosterone activity.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Molecular, Pathophysiological, and Clinical Aspects of Corticosteroid-Induced Neuropsychiatric Effects: From Bench to Bedside.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Sex-dependent improvement in traumatic brain injury outcomes after liposomal delivery of dexamethasone in mice.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- Pregestational Prediabetes Induces Maternal Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Dysregulation and Results in Adverse Foetal Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Adverse Effects Related to Corticosteroid Use in Sepsis, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Critical care explorations · 2024Review
- Effect of a multi-strain probiotic mixture consumption on anxiety and depression symptoms induced in adult mice by postnatal maternal separation.Microbiome · 2024Article
- Targeting Human Glucocorticoid Receptors in Fear Learning: A Multiscale Integrated Approach to Study Functional Connectivity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment for critical illness typically focuses on a patient's short-term physical recovery; however, recent work has broadened our understanding of the long-term implications of illness and treatment strategies. In particular, survivors of critical illness have significantly elevated risk of developing lasting cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders. In this review, we examine the role of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids in neuropsychiatric outcomes following critical illness. Illness is marked by acute elevation of free cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone suppression, which typically normalize after recovery; however, prolonged dysregulation can sometimes occur. High glucocorticoid levels can cause lasting alterations to the plasticity and structural integrity of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, and this mechanism may plausibly contribute to impaired memory and cognition in critical illness survivors, though specific evidence is lacking. Glucocorticoids may also exacerbate inflammation-associated neural damage. Conversely, current evidence indicates that glucocorticoids during illness may protect against the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. We propose future directions for research in this field, including determining the role of persistent glucocorticoid elevations after illness in neuropsychiatric outcomes, the role of systemic vs neuroinflammation, and probing unexplored lines of investigation on the role of mineralocorticoid receptors and the gut-brain axis. Progress toward personalized medicine in this area has the potential to produce tangible improvements to the lives patients after a critical illness, including Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.