Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33508025›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Via-less electromagnetic band-gap-enabled antenna based on textile material for wearable applications.

Adel Y I Ashyap, N I M Elamin, S H Dahlan, Z Z Abidin, Chan Hwang See, H A Majid, Najib Al-Fadhali, Jameel A A Mukred, Gameel Saleh, B A F Esmail

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Adel Y I AshyapCenter for Applied Electromagnetic (EMCenter), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, (UTHM) Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-5034-7668
N I M ElaminFaculty of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0002-6033-5051
S H DahlanCenter for Applied Electromagnetic (EMCenter), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, (UTHM) Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Z Z AbidinAdvanced Telecommunication Research Center (ATRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, (UTHM) Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-7774-6703
Chan Hwang SeeSchool of Engineering and the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
H A MajidUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Education Hub, Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
Najib Al-FadhaliUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Education Hub, Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia.
Jameel A A MukredCenter for Applied Electromagnetic (EMCenter), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, (UTHM) Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Gameel SalehDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-1502-3582
B A F EsmailCenter for Applied Electromagnetic (EMCenter), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, (UTHM) Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A compact fabric antenna structure integrated with electromagnetic bandgap structures (EBGs) covering the desired frequency spectrum between 2.36 GHz and 2.40 GHz for Medical Body-Area Networks (MBANs), is introduced. The needs of flexible system applications, the antenna is preferably low-profile, compact, directive, and robust to the human body's loading effect have to be satisfied. The EBGs are attractive solutions for such requirements and provide efficient performance. In contrast to earlier documented EBG backed antenna designs, the proposed EBG behaved as shielding from the antenna to the human body, reduced the size, and acted as a radiator. The EBGs reduce the frequency detuning due to the human body and decrease the back radiation, improving the antenna efficiency. The proposed antenna system has an overall dimension of 46×46×2.4 mm3. The computed and experimental results achieved a gain of 7.2 dBi, a Front to Back Ratio (FBR) of 12.2 dB, and an efficiency of 74.8%, respectively. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) demonstrates a reduction of more than 95% compared to the antenna without EBGs. Moreover, the antenna performance robustness to human body loading and bending is also studied experimentally. Hence, the integrated antenna-EBG is a suitable candidate for many wearable applications, including healthcare devices and related applications.

Indexed as

Equipment DesignWearable Electronic DevicesWireless TechnologyHumansTextiles

Identifiers

PMID33508025
PMCPMC7843018

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.