Trial reportPloS one2021
Time restricted eating as a weight loss intervention in adults with obesity.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Different Exercises Combined with Different Dietary Interventions on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- A Qualitative Exploration of Facilitators and Barriers to Early Time-Restricted Eating: Insights From a Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Impact of daily fasting duration on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors during a time-restricted eating protocol: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Trial
- Early time-restricted eating affects weight, metabolic health, mood, and sleep in adherent completers: A secondary analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Trial
- Time-Limited Eating and Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents with Obesity: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- The CHRONO trial: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of early time-restricted eating in patients with breast or rectal cancer.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Adherence to Behavioral Weight Management: A Scoping Review of Definitions, Measurement, and Components.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Article
- Time Restricted Eating: A Valuable Alternative to Calorie Restriction for Addressing Obesity?Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- It's About Timing: Contrasting the Metabolic Effects of Early vs. Late Time-Restricted Eating in Humans.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Obesity and malnutrition in children and adults: A clinical review.Obesity pillars · 2023Review
- Beneficial effect of time-restricted eating on blood pressure: a systematic meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2022Article
- Time-Restricted Eating in Metabolic Syndrome-Focus on Blood Pressure Outcomes.Current hypertension reports · 2022Review
- Retention, Fasting Patterns, and Weight Loss With an Intermittent Fasting App: Large-Scale, 52-Week Observational Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Observational
- Complex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating.Physiological reviews · 2022Review
- Obesity, cancer risk, and time-restricted eating.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2022Review
- Assessing temporal eating pattern in free living humans through the myCircadianClock app.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Review
- Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases.Endocrine reviews · 2022Article
- Time-restricted Eating to Address Cancer-related Fatigue among Cancer Survivors: A Single-arm Pilot Study.Journal of integrative oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTime-restricted eating (TRE) is a weight management approach in which food is consumed only within a specific period each day. The simplicity of this approach is appealing, but its efficacy is not known. The aim of this pilot cohort study was to assess adherence to TRE and its effects on weight and lipid profile.
methodsFifty participants with obesity attempted to follow TRE for 12 weeks. Surveys were conducted weekly over the phone to assess treatment adherence and ratings; and at 6 and 12 weeks, participants attended the clinic to be weighed, have their blood pressure taken and provide a blood sample for lipid profile. Treatment results were compared with data from previous comparable cohorts using other weight management methods.
resultsMean age of the participants was 50 (SD = 12.0), mean weight 97kg (SD = 17.1), mean BMI = 35 (SD = 4.0) and most were female (74%). At weeks 6 and 12, 64% and 58% of participants continued to practice TRE on at least five days/week. Using the 'last observation carried forward' imputation, mean (SD) weight loss was 2.0 (1.7) kg and 2.6 (2.6) kg at 6 and 12 weeks. Among participants who provided follow-up data, those who adhered to the intervention for at least five days/week recorded greater weight loss than those with lower adherence (week 6: 2.5 (1.7) vs 1.0 (1.3), p = 0.003; week 12: 3.5 (2.7) vs 1.3 (2.0), p = 0.001). A total of 26% of the sample lost at least 5% of their body weight at 12 weeks. The intervention had no effect on blood pressure or lipid profile.
conclusionsTRE results were modest, but at least on par with those achieved with more complex interventions, and weight loss did not decline at 12 weeks. A formal trial of the intervention is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.