Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33507935›Full record

ArticlePLoS biology2021

Anti-science kills: From Soviet embrace of pseudoscience to accelerated attacks on US biomedicine.

Peter J Hotez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Anchored and Propagated Updating Within Pseudoscientific Belief Systems.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Three things we can do now to reduce the risk of avian influenza spillovers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Fragile science.mBio · 2024
    Article
  5. Razor sharp: The role of Occam's razor in science.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2023
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Trust in COVID-19 public health information.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Specialty Grand Challenge for Brain Disease Mechanisms.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021
    Article
  19. Vaccinating cassandra.EClinicalMedicine · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Peter J HotezDepartments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Texas Children's Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.ORCID 0000-0001-8770-1042

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The United States witnessed an unprecedented politicization of biomedical science starting in 2015 that has exploded into a complex, multimodal anti-science empire operating through mass media, political elections, legislation, and even health systems. Anti-science activities now pervade the daily lives of many Americans, and threaten to infect other parts of the world. We can attribute the deaths of tens of thousands of Americans from COVID-19, measles, and other vaccine-preventable diseases to anti-science. The acceleration of anti-science activities demands not only new responses and approaches but also international coordination. Vaccines and other biomedical advances will not be sufficient to halt COVID-19 or future potentially catastrophic illnesses, unless we simultaneously counter anti-science aggression.

Indexed as

PoliticsPseudoscienceCOVID-19Health Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansPublic OpinionSARS-CoV-2United StatesUSSRVaccinationVaccination Refusal

Identifiers

PMID33507935
PMCPMC7842901

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.