ArticleCrohn's & colitis 3602020
Exploring the Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Mendelian Randomization.
Article in Crohn's & colitis 360, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut virome: New key players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of methodology · 2025Review
- Exploring gut microbiota as a novel therapeutic target in Crohn's disease: Insights and emerging strategies.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Eleven Grand Challenges for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics and Genomics.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Review
- Mendelian Randomization Analysis of the Causal Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Hospital Costs.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Saffron as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Mendelian randomisation analysis for intestinal disease: achievement and future.eGastroenterology · 2024Review
- Altered DNA methylation within DNMT3A, AHRR, LTA/TNF loci mediates the effect of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis investigates causal associations between cathepsins and inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Profiling the inflammatory bowel diseases using genetics, serum biomarkers, and smoking information.iScience · 2023Article
- The Emerging Role of the Gut Virome in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Challenges, Covariates and a Viral Imbalance.Viruses · 2023Review
- Canalization of the Polygenic Risk for Common Diseases and Traits in the UK Biobank Cohort.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Polygenic risk score for alcohol drinking behavior improves prediction of inflammatory bowel disease risk.Human molecular genetics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious observational evidence has suggested an association between smoking and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
methodsWe used observational techniques followed by Mendelian randomization to explore whether smoking is a causal factor in the development of IBD and its subtypes.
resultsIn those who have ever smoked, we observed increased risk of IBD and, in current smokers, we observed increased risk of Crohn disease and decreased risk of ulcerative colitis. However, our Mendelian randomization analyses found little evidence that smoking affects the development of IBD.
conclusionOverall, our results suggest that smoking does not causally influence the risk of IBD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.