ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
A Model System for Feralizing Laboratory Mice in Large Farmyard-Like Pens.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soil-derived microbiota induces T regulatory cells and protect against mouse colitis, metabolic disease, and sepsis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- A naturalized gut microbiome interacts with dietary fibers to protect against colonic inflammation.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- A gavage-fomite based method to generate mouse models with natural microbiota.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Dirty mice better recapitulate key features of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity observed in humans.mBio · 2026Article
- Going wild: prioritizing experimental models of rodent-borne viruses to decode zoonotic spillover and pandemic risk.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- A gavage-fomite based method to generate mouse models with natural microbiota.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Eco-tank Housing Maintains Wild-Type Microbiota and Rewilds the Laboratory Mouse Gut Microbiome to Restore Natural Immune Tone.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dirty mice better recapitulate key features of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity observed in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Natural microbial enrichment modulates microglial states and transcriptional programs relevant to Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Laboratory mice engrafted with natural gut microbiota possess a wildling-like phenotype.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Integrating natural commensals and pathogens into preclinical mouse models.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Comparison of naturalization mouse model setups uncover distinct effects on intestinal mucosa depending on microbial experience.Discovery immunology · 2025Article
- The Microbiome Modifies Manifestations of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Perforin-Deficient Mice.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Comparison of mouse models of microbial experience reveals differences in microbial diversity and response to vaccination.mSphere · 2024Article
- The Calm after the Storm: Implications of Sepsis Immunoparalysis on Host Immunity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Review
- Microbial experience through housing in a farmyard-type environment alters intestinal barrier properties in mouse colons.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Mouse models in colon cancer, inferences, and implications.iScience · 2023Review
- Experimental Models to Study End-Organ Morbidity in Sleep Apnea: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Embracing the heterogeneity of natural viruses in mouse studies.The Journal of general virology · 2022Article
- Mast Cells Are Identified in the Lung Parenchyma of Wild Mice, Which Can Be Recapitulated in Naturalized Laboratory Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Laboratory mice are typically housed under extremely clean laboratory conditions, far removed from the natural lifestyle of a free-living mouse. There is a risk that this isolation from real-life conditions may lead to poor translatability and misinterpretation of results. We and others have shown that feral mice as well as laboratory mice exposed to naturalistic environments harbor a more diverse gut microbiota and display an activated immunological phenotype compared to hygienic laboratory mice. We here describe a naturalistic indoors housing system for mice, representing a farmyard-type habitat typical for house mice. Large open pens were installed with soil and domestic animal feces, creating a highly diverse microbial environment and providing space and complexity allowing for natural behavior. Laboratory C57BL/6 mice were co-housed in this system together with wild-caught feral mice, included as a source of murine microbionts. We found that mice feralized in this manner displayed a gut microbiota structure similar to their feral cohabitants, such as higher relative content of Firmicutes and enrichment of Proteobacteria. Furthermore, the immunophenotype of feralized mice approached that of feral mice, with elevated levels of memory T-cells and late-stage NK cells compared to laboratory-housed control mice, indicating antigenic experience and immune training. The dietary elements presented in the mouse pens could only moderately explain changes in microbial colonization, and none of the immunological changes. In conclusion, this system enables various types of studies using genetically controlled mice on the background of adaptation to a high diversity microbial environment and a lifestyle natural for the species.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.