ArticleScientific reports2021
Serum iron: a new predictor of adverse outcomes independently from serum hemoglobin levels in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Markers of Iron Metabolism and Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Reduced serum iron levels predict poor prognosis in pulmonary mucormycosis patients: a prospective, case‒control study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Comparison of iron deficiency markers in patients with advanced heart failure.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Transferrin Saturation, Serum Iron, and Ferritin in Heart Failure: Prognostic Significance and Proteomic Associations.Circulation. Heart failure · 2025Article
- Association between serum transferrin saturation levels and heart failure in adults aged ≥40 years: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES (2017-2020.03).Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Predictive value of serum iron on heart failure in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Clinical cardiology · 2023Article
- Biomarkers of Micronutrients and Phytonutrients and Their Application in Epidemiological Studies.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element in the body. However, in heart failure (HF), iron is only recognized as the cause of anemia. Actually, iron itself affects myocardial exercise tolerance and cardiac function via mitochondrial function. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the pathological significance of iron in acute HF, irrespective of concomitant anemia. We investigated the impact of serum iron level at discharge on the prognosis of 615 patients emergently admitted with acute decompensated HF (ADHF). Patients were divided into two groups according to the median level of serum iron (62 µg/dL). The endpoint was the composite outcome, which included all-cause mortality and readmission for HF. During the mean follow-up period of 32.1 months, there were 333 events. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the incidence of the composite outcome was significantly higher in the Low iron group (P < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis adjusted with factors including hemoglobin and ferritin levels, low serum iron was an independent predictor for the composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.500; 95% confidence interval, 1.128-1.976; P = 0.0044). Low serum iron was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in ADHF, irrespective of hemoglobin or ferritin level, providing a new concept that iron may play a role in the pathophysiology of ADHF via non-hematopoietic roles.
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