Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33504890›Full record

SynthesisScientific reports2021

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies modules and functionally enriched pathways in the lactation process.

Mohammad Farhadian, Seyed Abbas Rafat, Bahman Panahi, Christopher Mayack

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. VDJ-REMIX: REpertoire Module Identification and eXploration.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Metabolic differentiation of brushtail possum populations resistant and susceptible to plant toxins revealed via differential gene expression.Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology · 2025
    Article
  11. [Mammary epithelial cells from women synthetize omega-3 and 6 fatty acids].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025
    Observational
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Mohammad FarhadianDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Mohammad.farhadian@tabrizu.ac.ir.
Seyed Abbas RafatDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Bahman PanahiDepartment of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.
Christopher MayackMolecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, Istanbul, 34956, Turkey.
University of Tabriz · IRAgricultural Research & Education Organization · IRSabancı Üniversitesi · TR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The exponential growth in knowledge has resulted in a better understanding of the lactation process in a wide variety of animals. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms are not yet clearly known. In order to identify the mechanisms involved in the lactation process, various mehods, including meta-analysis, weighted gene co-express network analysis (WGCNA), hub genes identification, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment at before peak (BP), peak (P), and after peak (AP) stages of the lactation processes have been employed. A total of 104, 85, and 26 differentially expressed genes were identified based on PB vs. P, BP vs. AP, and P vs. AP comparisons, respectively. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the "ubiquitin-dependent ERAD" and the "chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding" in BP vs. P and P vs. P, respectively. WGCNA identified five significant functional modules related to the lactation process. Moreover, GJA1, AP2A2, and NPAS3 were defined as hub genes in the identified modules, highlighting the importance of their regulatory impacts on the lactation process. The findings of this study provide new insights into the complex regulatory networks of the lactation process at three distinct stages, while suggesting several candidate genes that may be useful for future animal breeding programs. Furthermore, this study supports the notion that in combination with a meta-analysis, the WGCNA represents an opportunity to achieve a higher resolution analysis that can better predict the most important functional genes that might provide a more robust bio-signature for phenotypic traits, thus providing more suitable biomarker candidates for future studies.

Indexed as

BiomarkersComputational BiologyGene Expression RegulationGene Regulatory NetworksMetabolic Networks and PathwaysAnimalsDatabases, GeneticFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGene OntologyLactationMachine LearningBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID33504890
PMCPMC7840764
OpenAlexW3123027093

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.