ReviewNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2021
Interactions of plasma-activated water with biofilms: inactivation, dispersal effects and mechanisms of action.
Review in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06529159 (H. Pylori Eradication With Argon Plasma During Endoscopy), which is not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
H. Pylori Eradication With Argon Plasma During Endoscopy (HEAPE)
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies.BioMed research international · 2026Pooled it
- Human Trial for the Effect of Plasma-Activated Water Spray on Vaginal Cleaning in Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Trial
- Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Periodontitis: Mechanisms, Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Effects, and Therapeutic Potential-A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2026Review
- Biofilm sensitization to breakJournal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Green and novel cleaning method by plasma-activated water on a microfiltration membrane after apple juice clarification.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Synthesis, characterization, shelf life and optimization of process parameter of plasma-activated hydrogel production for Staphylococcus aureus Inhibition.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparison of Kinetic and Fluid Simulation Models for RF Capacitively Coupled Plasmas in Semiconductor Processing.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Plasma-Activated Water as a Novel Irrigation Strategy for Seawater-Immersed Burn Wounds: Antibacterial Activity and Healing Promotion in Rats.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Bacterial bioluminescence for the real time andAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Plasma-activated water: a dual-action disinfectant and wound-healing therapy for diabetes-related foot infections.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Argon plasma-activated liquid inactivatesFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of a Plasma Vaginal Cleanser (WOMEN CAREBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium by piezoelectric cold plasma: oxidative, structural and metabolic pathways.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Intraoral applicability of plasma-activated water: antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and effects on tooth structure.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial mechanism ofBiofilm · 2025Article
- Effect of plasma-activated water against E. coli and S. aureus: Influence of organic matter and impact on skin cell viability.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Cold Atmospheric Plasma Selectively Disrupts Breast Cancer Growth in a Bioprinted 3D Tumor-Stroma Co-Culture Model.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- [Advances in Novel Disinfection Technologies for Biofilm-Associated Nosocomial Infections].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Review
- Treatment of Clinically Important Bacteria With Cold Atmospheric Plasma.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biofilms have several characteristics that ensure their survival in a range of adverse environmental conditions, including high cell numbers, close cell proximity to allow easy genetic exchange (e.g., for resistance genes), cell communication and protection through the production of an exopolysaccharide matrix. Together, these characteristics make it difficult to kill undesirable biofilms, despite the many studies aimed at improving the removal of biofilms. An elimination method that is safe, easy to deliver in physically complex environments and not prone to microbial resistance is highly desired. Cold atmospheric plasma, a lightning-like state generated from air or other gases with a high voltage can be used to make plasma-activated water (PAW) that contains many active species and radicals that have antimicrobial activity. Recent studies have shown the potential for PAW to be used for biofilm elimination without causing the bacteria to develop significant resistance. However, the precise mode of action is still the subject of debate. This review discusses the formation of PAW generated species and their impacts on biofilms. A focus is placed on the diffusion of reactive species into biofilms, the formation of gradients and the resulting interaction with the biofilm matrix and specific biofilm components. Such an understanding will provide significant benefits for tackling the ubiquitous problem of biofilm contamination in food, water and medical areas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.