ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2021
More than a Pore: Nonlytic Antimicrobial Functions of Complement and Bacterial Strategies for Evasion.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urine Proteomic Profiling at Admission Reveals Complement Biomarkers Linked to Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- The C-terminal domain of Staphylococcus aureus Efb recruits FHR-2 to C3b, synergistically inhibiting the terminal complement pathway.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Inside Enemy Lines: Adhesion, Invasion, and Intracellular Persistence ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Bacterial Swiss Army Knife: ExPEC Utilizes Multiple Resistance Mechanisms to Counteract Host Immune Responses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- An LPS-Deficient vaccine candidate with steD deletion confers enhanced protection against homologous and heterologous Salmonella.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Review
- Intravenous iRGD-Guided, RBC-Membrane Camouflaged Lactococcus Lactis Remodels Cold NSCLC and Enhances PD-1 Blockade.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- PgtE protease enables virulentmBio · 2025Article
- Therapeutic strategies targeting complement in myasthenia gravis patients.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- From gingiva to multiple organs in mice: The trace ofJournal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates Resist Complement-Mediated Lysis by Inhibiting the Complement Cascade and Improperly Depositing MAC.Journal of innate immunity · 2025Article
- Bridging Classical Methodologies inMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- The complement system: A key player in the host response to infections.European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Role of Complement in Liver Diseases.Seminars in liver disease · 2024Review
- Clinical features and multiomics profiles indicate coagulation and platelet dysfunction in COVID-19 viral sepsis.iScience · 2024Article
- Plasmid-encoded toxin ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Novel insights: crosstalk with non-puerperal mastitis and immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Engineered human antibodies for the opsonization and killing ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient defense mechanism against foreign substances. Consisting of three proteolytic activation pathways, complement converges on a common effector cascade terminating in the formation of a lytic pore on the target surface. The classical and lectin pathways are initiated by pattern recognition molecules binding to specific ligands, while the alternative pathway is constitutively active at low levels in circulation. Complement-mediated killing is essential for defense against many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, and genetic deficiencies in complement can render individuals highly susceptible to infection, for example, invasive meningococcal disease. In contrast, Gram-positive bacteria are inherently resistant to the direct bactericidal activity of complement due to their thick layer of cell wall peptidoglycan. However, complement also serves diverse roles in immune defense against all bacteria by flagging them for opsonization and killing by professional phagocytes, synergizing with neutrophils, modulating inflammatory responses, regulating T cell development, and cross talk with coagulation cascades. In this review, we discuss newly appreciated roles for complement beyond direct membrane lysis, incorporate nonlytic roles of complement into immunological paradigms of host-pathogen interactions, and identify bacterial strategies for complement evasion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.