ArticleThorax2021
'If not TB, what could it be?' Chest X-ray findings from the 2016 Kenya Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey.
Article in Thorax, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Computer-aided X-ray screening for tuberculosis and HIV testing among adults with cough in Malawi (the PROSPECT study): A randomised trial and cost-effectiveness analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- A mixed-method evaluation of the impact of introducing 52 digital X-ray systems in Ghanaian health facilities on tuberculosis case finding and quality of care.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Review
- Performance of universal and stratified computer-aided detection thresholds for chest x-ray-based tuberculosis screening: a cross-sectional, diagnostic accuracy study.The Lancet. Digital health · 2025Article
- Global status of policies and practices for systematic TB screening in high-burden countries.IJTLD open · 2025Article
- Strengthening the TB response with artificial intelligence and the right to health.IJTLD open · 2025Article
- Clinical outcomes of participants of a TB prevalence survey with an abnormal chest X-ray but no evidence of TB disease after a median follow-up of 9 months in Zambia and South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Silicosis in Zambian ex-copper miners: A cross-sectional study.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Detection of other pathologies when utilising computer-assisted digital solutions for TB screening.IJTLD open · 2024Article
- Impact of active case finding for tuberculosis with mass chest X-ray screening in Glasgow, Scotland, 1950-1963: An epidemiological analysis of historical data.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Prior tuberculosis, radiographic lung abnormalities and prevalent diabetes in rural South Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Chest Radiograph Screening for Detecting Subclinical Tuberculosis in Asymptomatic Household Contacts, Peru.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Community-based active-case finding for tuberculosis: navigating a complex minefield.BMC global and public health · 2024Review
- Respiratory symptoms after TB treatment completion: A qualitative study of patient and provider experiences in urban Blantyre, Malawi.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Reevaluating progression and pathways followingProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Mass Tuberculosis Screening Among the Elderly: A Population-Based Study in a Well-Confined, Rural County in Eastern China.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Incidental radiological findings during clinical tuberculosis screening in Lesotho and South Africa: a case series.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Assessment of non-tuberculosis abnormalities on digital chest x-rays with high CAD4TB scores from a tuberculosis prevalence survey in Zambia and South Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Alveolar deposition of inhaled fine particulate matter increased risk of severity of pulmonary tuberculosis in the upper and middle lobes.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- A case report of a 16-year-old male with extrapulmonary tuberculosis presenting as multiloculated mediastinal, pleural, and paravertebral fluid collections with chest pain, Eldoret, Kenya.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
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15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of diseases other than TB detected during chest X-ray (CXR) screening is unknown in sub-Saharan Africa. This represents a missed opportunity for identification and treatment of potentially significant disease. Our aim was to describe and quantify non-TB abnormalities identified by TB-focused CXR screening during the 2016 Kenya National TB Prevalence Survey.
methodsWe reviewed a random sample of 1140 adult (≥15 years) CXRs classified as 'abnormal, suggestive of TB' or 'abnormal other' during field interpretation from the TB prevalence survey. Each image was read (blinded to field classification and study radiologist read) by two expert radiologists, with images classified into one of four major anatomical categories and primary radiological findings. A third reader resolved discrepancies. Prevalence and 95% CIs of abnormalities diagnosis were estimated.
findingsCardiomegaly was the most common non-TB abnormality at 259 out of 1123 (23.1%, 95% CI 20.6% to 25.6%), while cardiomegaly with features of cardiac failure occurred in 17 out of 1123 (1.5%, 95% CI 0.9% to 2.4%). We also identified chronic pulmonary pathology including suspected COPD in 3.2% (95% CI 2.3% to 4.4%) and non-specific patterns in 4.6% (95% CI 3.5% to 6.0%). Prevalence of active-TB and severe post-TB lung changes was 3.6% (95% CI 2.6% to 4.8%) and 1.4% (95% CI 0.8% to 2.3%), respectively.
interpretationBased on radiological findings, we identified a wide variety of non-TB abnormalities during population-based TB screening. TB prevalence surveys and active case finding activities using mass CXR offer an opportunity to integrate disease screening efforts.
fundingNational Institute for Health Research (IMPALA-grant reference 16/136/35).
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