ReviewPlacenta2021
Syncytins expressed in human placental trophoblast.
Review in Placenta, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Placental TRPV2 supports trophoblast function and normal fetal development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Discovery and evolution of endogenous retroviruses in the genome of crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis).Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2026Article
- Article
- Advantages, limitations, and innovative considerations for established and emerging models of human placental syncytiotrophoblast.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- Fundamental and unique roles of PLAC1 in the regulation of rat and human trophoblast cell development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Pathogen-Mediated Cell Fusion and Actin Cytoskeleton.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Trophoblast Fusion Deficiency in Placenta-Related Pregnancy Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- HERV-K TM Subunit Elicits CD8Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Trophoblast adaptation to hypoxia: balance and dysfunction.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Endogenous retroviruses in aging and cancer: from genomic defense to oncogenic activation.Mobile DNA · 2025Review
- The expression, regulation, and function of human endogenous retroviruses in genitourinary cancers.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- An audit of the PeptideAtlas database uncovers evidence for repurposed pseudogenes and co-opted retroviral ORFs.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Variations in blood levels of the anti-fusogenic endogenous retroviral protein suppressyn are associated with fetal growth outcome in preeclampsia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The multifaceted roles of the transcriptional coactivator TAZ in extravillous trophoblast development of the human placenta.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Associations between maternal plasma concentrations of corticotrophin releasing hormone and the placental transcriptome.Placenta · 2025Article
- Reduced Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein expression in preeclampsia placenta impairs trophoblast syncytialization by modulating syncytin-2 via FAK/β-catenin pathway.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- TFEB controls expression of human syncytins during cell-cell fusion.Genes & development · 2024Article
- Toxicologic Pathology Forum: mRNA Vaccine Safety-Separating Fact From Fiction.Toxicologic pathology · 2024Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Three versions of syncytiotrophoblast exist in the human placenta: an invasive type associated with the implanting conceptus, non-invasive villous type of definitive placenta, and placental bed giant cells. Syncytins are encoded by modified env genes of endogenous retroviruses (ERV), but how they contribute functionally to placental syncytial structures is unclear. A minimum of eight genes (ERVW1, ERVFRD-1, ERVV-1, ERVV-2, ERVH48-1, ERVMER34-1, ERV3-1, & ERVK13-1) encoding syncytin family members are expressed in human trophoblast, the majority from implantation to term. ERVW1 (Syncytin 1) and ERVFRD-1 (Syncytin 2) are considered the major fusogens, but, when the expression of their genes is analyzed by single cell RNAseq in first trimester placenta, their transcripts are distinctly patterned and also differ from those of their proposed binding partners, SLC1A5 and MFSD2A, respectively. ERVRH48-1 (suppressyn or SUPYN) and ERVMER34-1 are probable negative regulators of fusion and co-expressed, primarily in cytotrophoblast. The remaining genes and their products have been little studied. Syncytin expression is a feature of placental development in almost all eutherian mammals studied, in at least one marsupial, and in viviparous lizards, which lack the trophoblast lineage. Their expression has been inferred to be essential for pregnancy success in the mouse. All the main human ERV genes arose following independent retroviral insertion events, none of which trace back to the divergence of eutherians and metatherians (marsupials). While syncytins may be crucial for placental development, it seems unlikely that they helped orchestrate the divergence of eutherians and marsupials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.