ArticleExperimental hematology & oncology2021
Natural killer cells associated with SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA shedding, antibody response and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Article in Experimental hematology & oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 and the Immune Response: A Multi-Phasic Approach to the Treatment of COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic: A 5-year retrospect.Sports medicine and health science · 2025Review
- Difference in Lymphocyte Subset Counts According to Disease Severity and SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- NK Cells: A Powerful Squad Versus SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- NK cells modulate in vivo control of SARS-CoV-2 replication and suppression of lung damage.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Integrative genomic analysis of the lung tissue microenvironment in SARS-CoV-2 and NL63 patients.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Adjunctive treatment in COVID-19 and sepsis-What did we learn?Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2023Review
- Natural killer cell responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in people living with HIV-1.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- ASGARD is A Single-cell Guided Pipeline to Aid Repurposing of Drugs.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Identification of cuproptosis-related molecular subtypes and a novel predictive model of COVID-19 based on machine learning.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- An empirical assessment of the factors influencing acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine uptake between Kenyan and Hungarian residing populations: A cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Prolonged Viral Shedding in Three Young Adult Cases of COVID-19.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2022Article
- An Update on Complications Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2: Immune evasion and implications for therapeutic strategies.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Natural killer cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Innate immunity · 2022Review
- NK cell dysfunction is linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients.Cell biochemistry and function · 2022Review
- Recent advances in passive immunotherapies for COVID-19: The Evidence-Based approaches and clinical trials.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Chidamide and sintilimab combination in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma progressing after chimeric antigen receptor T therapy.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Lethal synergy between SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae in hACE2 mice and protective efficacy of vaccination.JCI insight · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two consecutively negative SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA test ( interval ≥ 24 hours), improved respiratory symptoms and obvious absorption of inflammation in pulmonary imaging are the discharge criteria for COVID-19 patients. The clearance profile of viral RNA in the upper respiratory tract specimens, including nasopharyngeal swab and/or oropharyngeal swabs, is related to innate immune cells such as Natural Killer cells. A total of 168 patients were included for the study. In this cohort, non-severe and severe groups showed significant differences in white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils and platelets counts, as well as in infection related parameters such as CRP and serum cytokine IL-6. For lymphocyte subsets tests at admission, the severe group displayed significantly lower cell counts than the non-severe group. Higher counts of total T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK cells in peripheral blood showed a significant correlation with the shorter time taken to obtain the first negative viral RNA test and first positive IgM/ IgG antibody test. The number of B cells was only correlated with time to achieve the first positive IgM/IgG test. The count of NK cells was also correlated with a higher level of IgG antibody (p = 0.025). The lymphocytopenia group had a significantly worse survival rate (p = 0.022) and a longer duration (p = 0.023) of viral shedding than the normal lymphocyte count group. A lower NK cell count correlates the most with the worse survival rate (p<0.001) and a longer duration (p<0.001) of viral shedding. This study suggests the potential value of allo-Natural Killer cell therapy as an universal COVID-19 treatment strategy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.