Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33504212›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2021

Increases in Serious Psychological Distress among Ontario Students between 2013 and 2017: Assessing the Impact of Time Spent on Social Media.

Steven Cook, Hayley A Hamilton, Shirin Montazer, Luke Sloan, Christine M Wickens, Amy Cheung, Angela Boak, Nigel E Turner, Robert E Mann

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Steven CookDepartment of Epidemiology, 2112University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6363-2940
Hayley A HamiltonInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Shirin MontazerDepartment of Sociology, 2954Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Luke SloanSchool of Social Sciences, 2112Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
Christine M WickensInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Amy CheungDepartment of Psychiatry, 71545Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Angela BoakDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Nigel E TurnerInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Robert E MannInstitute for Mental Health Policy Research, 7978Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health · CACardiff University · GBSunnybrook Health Science Centre · CAUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Toronto · CAWayne State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe objective of the current research was to examine the association between time spent on social media and serious psychological distress between 2013 and 2017, a period when the rates of both were trending upward.

methodsThe current study analyzed population-based data from 3 waves of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (

resultsThe prevalence of serious psychological distress increased from 10.9% in 2013 to 16.8% in 2017 concomitantly with substantial increases in social media usage, especially at the highest levels. In the multivariate context, we found a significant interaction between social media use and the survey year which indicates that the association between time spent on social media and psychological distress has decreased from 2013 to 2017.

conclusionAlthough both social media use and psychological distress increased between 2013 and 2017, the interaction between these variables indicates that the strength of this association has decreased over time. This finding suggests that the higher rate of heavy social media use in 2017 compared to 2013 is not actually associated with the higher rate of serious psychological distress during the same time period. From a diffusion of innovation perspective, it is possible that more recent adopters of social media may be less prone to psychological distress. More research is needed to understand the complex and evolving association between social media use and psychological distress. Researchers attempting to isolate the factors associated with the recent increases in psychological distress could benefit from broadening their investigation to factors beyond time spent on social media.

Indexed as

Psychological DistressSocial MediaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansOntarioStress, PsychologicalStudentsadolescencemental healthpsychological distressrepeated cross-sectional designsocial media interactionsocial media use

Identifiers

PMID33504212
PMCPMC8329898
OpenAlexW3125988106

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.