ReviewVaccines2021
Cancer Vaccines: Antigen Selection Strategy.
Review in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer Vaccines in Genitourinary Malignancies: Current Advances and Future Directions.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Vaccine strategies for cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome: the potential of dendritic cell-based therapy.Familial cancer · 2026Review
- In silico design and immunoinformatics evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting SEPT9 for gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Cancer-Testis Antigens in Immuno Oncology Mechanisms Therapeutic Strategies and Clinical Perspectives.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Article
- DNA Vaccines in the Post-mRNA Era: Engineering, Applications, and Emerging Innovations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- In Situ Cancer Vaccines: Redefining Immune Activation in the Tumor Microenvironment.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in the Development and Efficacy of Anti-Cancer Vaccines-A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Advances in nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Advances and prospects of RNA delivery nanoplatforms for cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to reveal and overcome T-cell dysfunction in gastric cancer: translation from basic research to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: An Overview of Current Status.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2025Review
- Advances and challenges in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- New insights for the development of efficient DNA vaccines.Microbial biotechnology · 2024Review
- The relevance of tumor target expression levels on IgA-mediated cytotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Developing Vaccines in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Trials and Tribulations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Glycopolypeptide Coordinated Nanovaccine: Fabrication, Characterization, and Antitumor Immune Response.Chem & bio engineering · 2024Article
- Novel therapeutic agents in clinical trials: emerging approaches in cancer therapy.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Advancements in Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Directions.Cureus · 2024Review
- Exosome-like Systems: From Therapies to Vaccination for Cancer Treatment and Prevention-Exploring the State of the Art.Vaccines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Unlike traditional cancer therapies, cancer vaccines (CVs) harness a high specificity of the host's immunity to kill tumor cells. CVs can train and bolster the patient's immune system to recognize and eliminate malignant cells by enhancing immune cells' identification of antigens expressed on cancer cells. Various features of antigens like immunogenicity and avidity influence the efficacy of CVs. Therefore, the choice and application of antigens play a critical role in establishing and developing CVs. Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), a group of proteins expressed at elevated levels in tumor cells but lower levels in healthy normal cells, have been well-studied and developed in CVs. However, immunological tolerance, HLA restriction, and adverse events are major obstacles that threaten TAA-based CVs' efficacy due to the "self-protein" characteristic of TAAs. As "abnormal proteins" that are completely absent from normal cells, tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) can trigger a robust immune response against tumor cells with high specificity and without going through central tolerance, contributing to cancer vaccine development feasibility. In this review, we focus on the unique features of TAAs and TSAs and their application in vaccines, summarizing their performance in preclinical and clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.