Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33503456›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2021

The effects of armed conflict on the health of women and children.

Eran Bendavid, Ties Boerma, Nadia Akseer, Ana Langer, Espoir Bwenge Malembaka, Emelda A Okiro, Paul H Wise, Sam Heft-Neal, Robert E Black, Zulfiqar A Bhutta and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 213 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
213citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

213 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  8. Challenges in the Medical and Psychosocial Care of the Paediatric Refugee-A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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153 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Eran BendavidCenter for Population Health Sciences, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA. Electronic address: ebd@stanford.edu.
Ties BoermaCenter for Global Public Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Nadia AkseerCentre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, Canada; The Institute for International Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ana LangerWomen and Health Initiative, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Espoir Bwenge MalembakaEcole Régionale de Santé Publique, Faculté de Médecine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, DR Congo.
Emelda A OkiroPopulation Health Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Paul H WiseDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Sam Heft-NealCenter on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Robert E BlackThe Institute for International Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Zulfiqar A BhuttaCentre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health and Institute for Global Health and Development, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
BRANCH Consortium Steering Committee

Funding

Wellcome Trust 201866Wellcome Trust 201866/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Women and children bear substantial morbidity and mortality as a result of armed conflicts. This Series paper focuses on the direct (due to violence) and indirect health effects of armed conflict on women and children (including adolescents) worldwide. We estimate that nearly 36 million children and 16 million women were displaced in 2017, on the basis of international databases of refugees and internally displaced populations. From geospatial analyses we estimate that the number of non-displaced women and children living dangerously close to armed conflict (within 50 km) increased from 185 million women and 250 million children in 2000, to 265 million women and 368 million children in 2017. Women's and children's mortality risk from non-violent causes increases substantially in response to nearby conflict, with more intense and more chronic conflicts leading to greater mortality increases. More than 10 million deaths in children younger than 5 years can be attributed to conflict between 1995 and 2015 globally. Women of reproductive ages living near high intensity conflicts have three times higher mortality than do women in peaceful settings. Current research provides fragmentary evidence about how armed conflict indirectly affects the survival chances of women and children through malnutrition, physical injuries, infectious diseases, poor mental health, and poor sexual and reproductive health, but major systematic evidence is sparse, hampering the design and implementation of essential interventions for mitigating the harms of armed conflicts.

Indexed as

Child WelfareWomen's HealthAdolescentArmed ConflictsCause of DeathChildCommunicable DiseasesFemaleHumansMalnutritionMental HealthNoncommunicable DiseasesRefugeesReproductive HealthWounds and Injuries

Identifiers

PMID33503456
PMCPMC7612212

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.