Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33503429›Full record

ArticleCell reports2021

Sexual and asexual development: two distinct programs producing the same tunicate.

Mark Kowarsky, Chiara Anselmi, Kohji Hotta, Paolo Burighel, Giovanna Zaniolo, Federico Caicci, Benyamin Rosental, Norma F Neff, Katherine J Ishizuka, Karla J Palmeri and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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  5. Electrical stimulation promotes longevity and regeneration in a colonial chordate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Survival Benefits Outweigh Germline Competition Costs in Kin Chimeras.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Methods for cell isolation and analysis of the highly regenerative tunicateFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Two distinct evolutionary conserved neural degeneration pathways characterized in a colonial chordate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  18. Distinct gene expression dynamics in developing and regenerating crustacean limbs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Yamanaka Factors in the Budding TunicateFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Mark KowarskyDepartment of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Chiara AnselmiDipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
Kohji HottaDepartment of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
Paolo BurighelDipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
Giovanna ZanioloDipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
Federico CaicciDipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy.
Benyamin RosentalInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Norma F NeffChan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Katherine J IshizukaInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
Karla J PalmeriInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
Jennifer OkamotoChan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Tal GordonZoology Department, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Irving L WeissmanInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Stephen R QuakeChan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Applied Physics and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Lucia ManniDipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: lucia.manni@unipd.it.
Ayelet VoskoboynikInstitute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, and Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Electronic address: ayeletv@stanford.edu.

Funding

Genes, cells, and pathways that regulate urochordate allogeneic stem cell competition and their mammalian homologuesR01GM100315 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEISSMAN, IRVING L. · 2012 to 2019
$2.8M
Program in Translational and Experimental HematologyT32HL120824 · NHLBI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MAJETI, RAVINDRA · 2014 to 2023
$2.4M
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and regeneration in colonial chordateR01AG037968 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEISSMAN, IRVING L. · 2010 to 2014
$1.5M
Evolutionary Conserved Mechanisms of Neuronal Degeneration and RegenerationR21AG062948 · NIA · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEISSMAN, IRVING L. · 2020 to 2020
$434k
Molecular Characterization of Predatory Stem Cells in a Chimeric ProtochordateR56AI089968 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI WEISSMAN, IRVING L. · 2010 to 2010
$400k
Lightsheet Microscope for Large-Scale Imaging of Cleared Tissue SamplesS10OD025091 · OD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI DEISSEROTH, KARL A. · 2018 to 2018
$337k
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL120824NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI089968NIA NIH HHS R01 AG037968NIA NIH HHS R21 AG062948NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM100315NIH HHS S10 OD025091
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colonial tunicates are the only chordate that possess two distinct developmental pathways to produce an adult body: either sexually through embryogenesis or asexually through a stem cell-mediated renewal termed blastogenesis. Using the colonial tunicate Botryllus schlosseri, we combine transcriptomics and microscopy to build an atlas of the molecular and morphological signatures at each developmental stage for both pathways. The general molecular profiles of these processes are largely distinct. However, the relative timing of organogenesis and ordering of tissue-specific gene expression are conserved. By comparing the developmental pathways of B. schlosseri with other chordates, we identify hundreds of putative transcription factors with conserved temporal expression. Our findings demonstrate that convergent morphology need not imply convergent molecular mechanisms but that it showcases the importance that tissue-specific stem cells and transcription factors play in producing the same mature body through different pathways.

Indexed as

AnimalsEmbryonic DevelopmentReproduction, AsexualSexual DevelopmentUrochordatatunicate, Botryllus schlosseri, embryogenesis, blastogenesis, development, stem cells, regeneration, organogenesis, transcription factors, evolution

Identifiers

PMID33503429
PMCPMC7949349

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.