Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2021
Levonorgestrel vs. Copper Intrauterine Devices for Emergency Contraception.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02175030 (RAPID EC - Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Pregnancy With Intrauterine Devices for Emergency Contraception), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
RAPID EC - Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Pregnancy With Intrauterine Devices for Emergency Contraception
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progestin intrauterine devices versus copper intrauterine devices for emergency contraception.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Estimating emergency contraception efficacy with levonorgestrel and copper intrauterine devices.Contraception · 2025Trial
- One-year pregnancy and continuation rates after placement of levonorgestrel or copper intrauterine devices for emergency contraception: a randomized controlled trial.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2023Trial
- Switching and discontinuation of participant-masked randomization to a copper or levonorgestrel intrauterine device when presenting for emergency contraception.Contraception · 2023Trial
- Rates of pregnancy among levonorgestrel and copper intrauterine emergency contraception initiators: Implications for backup contraception recommendations.Contraception · 2021Trial
- Pregnancy Risk by Frequency and Timing of Unprotected Intercourse Before Intrauterine Device Placement for Emergency Contraception.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Trial
- Over-the-counter emergency contraceptive sales before and afterHealth affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Training providers to improve access to emergency contraception in abortion ban states in the U.S.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Reproductive health in the liver transplant recipient.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2026Review
- What Every Cardiologist Should Know About Contraception and Reproductive Planning in 2025.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Review
- Emergency contraception in primary health care.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Article
- Selection of long acting reversible contraception methods by emergency contraception clients: A prospective observational study.Contraception · 2025Observational
- Contraception with levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus copper intrauterine device: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Expert opinion on the use of contraception in people with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Review
- Pregnancy and the Autoimmune Patient.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2024Review
- Pharmacodynamic evaluation of the etonogestrel contraceptive implant initiated midcycle with and without ulipristal acetate: An exploratory study.Contraception · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and Medical Characteristics of Women Applied for Emergency Contraception-A Retrospective Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Efficacy of oral levonorgestrel emergency contraception with same day etonogestrel contraceptive implant: A prospective observational study.Contraception · 2024Observational
- Contraception in Medically Complex Adolescents and Young Adults.Open access journal of contraception · 2024Article
- Melatonin Attenuates Extracellular Matrix Accumulation and Cardiac Injury Manifested by Copper.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the United States, more intrauterine device (IUD) users select levonorgestrel IUDs than copper IUDs for long-term contraception. Currently, clinicians offer only copper IUDs for emergency contraception because data are lacking on the efficacy of the levonorgestrel IUD for this purpose.
methodsThis randomized noninferiority trial, in which participants were unaware of the group assignments, was conducted at six clinics in Utah and included women who sought emergency contraception after at least one episode of unprotected intercourse within 5 days before presentation and agreed to placement of an IUD. We randomly assigned participants in a 1:1 ratio to receive a levonorgestrel 52-mg IUD or a copper T380A IUD. The primary outcome was a positive urine pregnancy test 1 month after IUD insertion. When a 1-month urine pregnancy test was unavailable, we used survey and health record data to determine pregnancy status. The prespecified noninferiority margin was 2.5 percentage points.
resultsAmong the 355 participants randomly assigned to receive levonorgestrel IUDs and 356 assigned to receive copper IUDs, 317 and 321, respectively, received the interventions and provided 1-month outcome data. Of these, 290 in the levonorgestrel group and 300 in the copper IUD group had a 1-month urine pregnancy test. In the modified intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, pregnancy rates were 1 in 317 (0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 1.7) in the levonorgestrel group and 0 in 321 (0%; 95% CI, 0 to 1.1) in the copper IUD group; the between-group absolute difference in both analyses was 0.3 percentage points (95% CI, -0.9 to 1.8), consistent with the noninferiority of the levonorgestrel IUD to the copper IUD. Adverse events resulting in participants seeking medical care in the first month after IUD placement occurred in 5.2% of participants in the levonorgestrel IUD group and 4.9% of those in the copper IUD group.
conclusionsThe levonorgestrel IUD was noninferior to the copper IUD for emergency contraception. (Supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02175030.).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.