Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33503000›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2021

Early Perceptions of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps in German-Speaking Countries: Comparative Mixed Methods Study.

Bettina Maria Zimmermann, Amelia Fiske, Barbara Prainsack, Nora Hangel, Stuart McLennan, Alena Buyx

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bettina Maria ZimmermannInstitute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7047-4496
Amelia FiskeInstitute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7207-6897
Barbara PrainsackDepartment of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-6335-1532
Nora HangelInstitute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6809-4603
Stuart McLennan *Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2019-6253
Alena Buyx *Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5726-7633

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe main German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) have implemented digital contact tracing apps to assist the authorities with COVID-19 containment strategies. Low user rates for these apps can affect contact tracing and, thus, its usefulness in controlling the spread of the novel coronavirus.

objectiveThis study aimed to assess the early perceptions of people living in the German-speaking countries and compare them with the frames portrayed in the newspapers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 159 participants of the SolPan project. Of those, 110 participants discussed contact tracing apps and were included in this study. We analyzed articles regarding contact tracing apps from 12 newspapers in the German-speaking countries.

resultsStudy participants perceived and newspaper coverage in all German-speaking countries framed contact tracing apps as governmental surveillance tools and embedded them in a broader context of technological surveillance. Participants identified trust in authorities, respect of individual privacy, voluntariness, and temporary use of contact tracing apps as prerequisites for democratic compatibility. Newspapers commonly referenced the use of such apps in Asian countries, emphasizing the differences in privacy regulation among these countries.

conclusionsThe uptake of digital contact tracing apps in German-speaking countries may be undermined due to privacy risks that are not compensated by potential benefits and are rooted in a deeper skepticism towards digital tools. When authorities plan to implement new digital tools and practices in the future, they should be very transparent and proactive in communicating their objectives and the role of the technology-and how it differs from other, possibly similar, tools. It is also important to publicly address ethical, legal, and social issues related to such technologies prior to their launch.

Indexed as

Mobile ApplicationsAdolescentAdultAgedContact TracingCOVID-19GermanyHumansMiddle AgedPerceptionSARS-CoV-2Young Adultappcontact tracingcontent analysisCOVID-19digital surveillanceinterviewinterview studynewspaper content analysisprivacyprivacy paradoxsurveillancetrust

Identifiers

PMID33503000
PMCPMC7872326

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.