ArticleBone & joint research2021
Differences between infected and noninfected synovial fluid.
Article in Bone & joint research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synovial fluid specific gravity as an inexpensive point-of-care test for diagnosing hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection.Journal of bone and joint infection · 2026Article
- Association of glutamine metabolites in synovial fluid with the severity of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Characterization of periprosthetic environment microbiome in patients after total joint arthroplasty and its potential correlation with inflammation.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Differential metabolism between biofilm and suspended Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures in bovine synovial fluid by 2D NMR-based metabolomics.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Application ofBone & joint research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThe diagnosis of joint infections is an inexact science using combinations of blood inflammatory markers and microscopy, culture, and sensitivity of synovial fluid (SF). There is potential for small molecule metabolites in infected SF to act as infection markers that could improve accuracy and speed of detection. The objective of this study was to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify small molecule differences between infected and noninfected human SF.
methodsIn all, 16 SF samples (eight infected native and prosthetic joints plus eight noninfected joints requiring arthroplasty for end-stage osteoarthritis) were collected from patients. NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the metabolites present in each sample. Principal component analysis and univariate statistical analysis were undertaken to investigate metabolic differences between the two groups.
resultsA total of 16 metabolites were found in significantly different concentrations between the groups. Three were in higher relative concentrations (lipids, cholesterol, and N-acetylated molecules) and 13 in lower relative concentrations in the infected group (citrate, glycine, glycosaminoglycans, creatinine, histidine, lysine, formate, glucose, proline, valine, dimethylsulfone, mannose, and glutamine).
conclusionMetabolites found in significantly greater concentrations in the infected cohort are markers of inflammation and infection. They play a role in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response. Those found in significantly reduced concentrations were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, nucleoside metabolism, the glutamate metabolic pathway, increased oxidative stress in the diseased state, and reduced articular cartilage breakdown. This is the first study to demonstrate differences in the metabolic profile of infected and noninfected human SF, using a noninfected matched cohort, and may represent putative biomarkers that form the basis of new diagnostic tests for infected SF. Cite this article:
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