ArticleClinical oral implants research2021
Surface characteristics on commercial dental implants differentially activate macrophages in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Clinical oral implants research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review comparing the macrophage inflammatory response to hydrophobic and hydrophilic sandblasted large grit, acid-etched titanium or titanium-zirconium surfaces during in vitro studies.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2023Pooled it
- Early Microbiological and Immunological Parameters in Sandblasted, Large-Grit Acid-Etched Implant Surfaces: A Split Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical oral implants research · 2026Trial
- The immune-microbe-metal triad: a vicious cycle driving biomaterial corrosion in the oral inflammatory microenvironment.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Osteoimmunology-Driven Design of Dental Implant Materials: From Immune Response to Osseointegration.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Targeting delayed healing tissues: immune reprogramming of adaptive immune cells by biomaterials.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- TRPV1-linked neuropeptide axes in periodontitis and peri-implantitis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Biomaterial-associated molecular patterns (BAMPs) modulate macrophage polarization in bone grafting.PloS one · 2026Article
- Hydroxyproline-Modified Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Dressing Incorporated with Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Promotes Wound Healing Through Immunomodulation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hydrogels in Veterinary Vaccine Development: Types, Mechanisms, and Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Macrophage regulation in vascularization upon regeneration and repair of tissue injury and engineered organ transplantation.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Properties of M2 Macrophages in Chronic Wounds: An Innovative Area of Biomaterial-Assisted M2 Macrophage Targeted Therapy.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Machine Learning Approach to Investigating Macrophage Polarization on Various Titanium Surface Characteristics.BME frontiers · 2025Article
- Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery Attenuates UHMWPE Wear Particle-Induced Osteolysis by Paracrine-Mediated Macrophage Reprogramming.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Adoptive transfer of immunomodulatory macrophages reduces the pro-inflammatory microenvironment and increases bone formation on titanium implants.Acta biomaterialia · 2024Article
- Electrospun Fiber Surface Roughness Modulates Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Phenotype.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Cytotoxicity and antibacterial susceptibility assessment of a newly developed pectin-chitosan polyelectrolyte composite for dental implants.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- CD4Acta biomaterialia · 2024Article
- Signaling pathways of dental implants' osseointegration: a narrative review on two of the most relevant; NF-κB and Wnt pathways.BDJ open · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesBiomaterial implantation provokes an inflammatory response that controls integrative fate. M2 macrophages regulate the response to implants by resolving the inflammatory phase and recruiting progenitor cells to aid healing. We have previously shown that modified titanium (Ti) disks directly induce M2 macrophage polarization. The aim of this study was to examine macrophage response to commercially available Ti or Ti alloy implants with comparable roughness and varying hydrophilicity. MATERIAL AND
methodsEleven commercially available Ti (A-F) or Ti alloy (G-K) dental implants were examined in this study. Surface topography, chemistry, and hydrophilicity were characterized for each implant. To compare the immune response in vitro, human monocyte-derived macrophages were seeded on implants and secreted pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins measured. To evaluate the inflammatory response in vivo, mice were subcutaneously instrumented with clinical implants, and implant adherent macrophage populations were characterized by flow cytometry.
resultsMacrophages on hydrophobic Implant C produced the highest level of pro-inflammatory proteins in vitro. In contrast, hydrophilic Implant E produced the second-highest pro-inflammatory response. Implants F and K, both hydrophilics, produced the highest anti-inflammatory protein secretions. Likewise, pro-inflammatory CD80hi macrophages predominated in vivo on implants C and E, and M2 CD206 + macrophages predominated on implants F and K.
conclusionsThese findings show that hydrophilicity alone is insufficient to predict the anti-inflammatory effect on macrophage polarization and that other properties-surface composition or topography-determine immune modulation. This in vivo model may be a useful screening method to compare the immunomodulatory response to clinical implants of disparate geometry or size.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.