ArticleInflammatory bowel diseases2021
Timely Monitoring of Inflammation by Fecal Lactoferrin Rapidly Predicts Therapeutic Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Article in Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-potency multi-strain probiotic formulations for safety and improvement of gastrointestinal function and intestinal health: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Predictive, preventive and personalised approach as a conceptual and technological innovation in primary and secondary care of inflammatory bowel disease benefiting affected individuals and populations.The EPMA journal · 2024Review
- Predictors and optimal management of tumor necrosis factor antagonist nonresponse in inflammatory bowel disease: A literature review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- A Practical Guide to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Biologic Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Fecal Lactoferrin Predicts Primary Nonresponse to Biologic Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFecal lactoferrin (FL) levels may mirror drug-induced changes in inflammation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease in a timely way and could be used to assess loss of response (LOR) to biologics.
methodsThis study is a retrospective outcome review in 61 patients on adalimumab, infliximab, or vedolizumab managed in our center and followed for 6 to 24 months. Patients were 1) in clinical remission or 2) were experiencing possible LOR.
resultsFor group 1, in 71% of 31 patients, FL slowly increased during the therapeutic interval (R2 = 0.769; P < 0.001), thus reflecting increasing inflammation as drug concentrations decreased. In the remaining patients, FL was undetectable throughout the therapeutic interval because of a stronger suppression of inflammation. For group 2, in 30 patients negative for infections, FL levels measured 1 to 3 days after infusion/injection compared to preadministration values either increased (nonresponders)-in these patients the medication was switched to another class; partially decreased (partial responders)-the therapeutic interval was shortened; or were normal throughout (responders)-causes for symptoms unrelated to disease activity were found for all. After FL-based management, 3-month standardized clinical scores were normalized in both partial responders (0.58 ± 0.21 vs 0.13 ± 0.09; P < 0.001) and nonresponders (0.81 ± 0.17 vs 0.12 ± 0.08; P < 0.001), and FL levels dropped by up to 99%.
conclusionsLevels of FL reflect drug-induced changes in mucosal inflammation in a timely way, thus enabling rapid assessment of therapeutic response in patients with ulcerative colitis and with Crohn disease. In patients with suspected LOR, FL levels before and after infusion/injection accurately separated responders, partial responders, and nonresponders. The strategy proposed here is simple, accurate, and easily applicable to clinical practice.
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