ReviewImmunology2021
IL-36 cytokines and gut immunity.
Review in Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in targeting IL-1 family cytokines for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- IL-36 activates neutrophil extracellular traps and exacerbates LPS-induced ARDS in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- IL-37 and IL-36 Cytokine Profiles in Chronic Hepatitis Delta During Bulevirtide Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The IL-36 Cytokine Rheostat: Hierarchical Regulation of Epithelial-Immune Crosstalk and Precision Therapy in Psoriatic and Related Dermatoses.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Review
- Nanomaterial-Based Strategies Targeting IL-1 Signalling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Therapeutic Applications and Mechanistic Insights.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Endothelial IL-36 receptor activation promotes vascular stability to limit pathological microvessel permeability in the CNS.Cell reports · 2025Article
- IL-1 family cytokines in inflammation and immunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Enhanced Innate Immunity Mediated by IL-36α in Atopic Dermatitis and Differences in Cytokine Profiles of Lymphocytes in the Skin and Draining Lymph Nodes.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Increased IL- 36γ in visceral adipose tissue as a key mediator of obesity-driven inflammation in colon cancer.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Improvement of acute phase symptoms of pemphigus foliaceus with spesolimab.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- IWR-1 attenuates the promotional effect of IL-36γ in a mouse model of psoriasis.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Development of engineered IL-36γ-hypersecreting Lactococcus lactis to improve the intestinal environment.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Article
- IL1RL2 is related to the expression and prognosis of bladder cancer.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Different expression levels of interleukin-36 in asthma phenotypes.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2024Article
- Interleukin-36 is overexpressed in human sepsis and IL-36 receptor deletion aggravates lung injury and mortality through epithelial cells and fibroblasts in experimental murine sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
- A Narrative Review of Cytokine Networks: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- New insights on IL‑36 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Role of Interleukin-36 in inflammatory joint diseases.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2023Review
- IL-36γ in enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its association with disease activity.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin 36 (IL-36) constitutes a group of cytokines that belong to the IL-1 superfamily. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of IL-36 in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders. Intriguingly, in the gastrointestinal tract, IL-36 has a rather complex function. IL-36 receptor ligands are overexpressed in both animal colitis models and human IBD patients and may play both pathogenic and protective roles, depending on the context. IL-36 cytokines comprise three receptor agonists: IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ, and two receptor antagonists: IL-36Ra and IL-38. All IL-36 receptor agonists bind to the IL-36R complex and exert pleiotropic effects during inflammatory settings. Here, we first briefly review the processing and secretion of IL-36 cytokines. We then focus on the current understanding of the immunology effects of IL-36 in gut immunity. In addition, we also discuss the ongoing trials that aim to blockage IL-36R signalling for treating chronic intestinal inflammation and present some unexplored questions regarding IL-36 research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.