ReviewBrain communications2021
An update on the rod microglia variant in experimental and clinical brain injury and disease.
Review in Brain communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in neural circuit remodeling: multidimensional control in homeostasis and neuropathology.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Human Brain Contusions Contain Pathogenic Transmissible Species that Induce Progressive Cognitive Decline and Tau Pathology in Mice.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Review
- Multi-modal screening for synergistic neuroprotection of mild extremely preterm brain injury.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning-assisted design of immunomodulatory lipid nanoparticles for delivery of mRNA to repolarize hyperactivated microglia.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Therapeutic VEGFC treatment provides protection against traumatic-brain-injury-driven tauopathy pathogenesis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Long intervals between repetitive concussions reduce risk of cognitive impairment and limit microglial activation, astrogliosis, and tauopathy in adolescent rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microglia express Tie2 in a longitudinal imaging study of acute neural injury in mice.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Article
- A Semi-Automated and Unbiased Microglia Morphology Analysis Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Rod-shaped microglia represent a morphologically distinct subpopulation of disease-associated microglia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The Hallmarks of Ageing in Microglia.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Lipids across microglial states.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Repeated LPS induces training and tolerance of microglial responses across brain regions.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Neuromodulation with transcranial direct current stimulation contributes to motor function recovery via microglia in spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Quantifying microglial morphology: an insight into function.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Function and Mechanism of Abscisic Acid on Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Micro-diffusely abnormal white matter: An early multiple sclerosis lesion phase with intensified myelin blistering.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Article
- Vascularized Brain Assembloids With Enhanced Cellular Complexity Provide Insights Into the Cellular Deficits of Tauopathy.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2024Article
- Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Contemporary microglia morphologies include ramified, activated and amoeboid, with the morphology of microglia considered highly coupled to the cellular function. Rod microglia are an additional activated microglia variant observed in the ageing, injured and diseased brain. Rod microglia were reported frequently in the early 1900s by neuropathologists in post-mortem cases of general paresis, Alzheimer's disease and encephalitis, and then remained largely ignored for almost 100 years. Recent reports have renewed interest in rod microglia, most notably after experimental traumatic brain injury. Rod microglia are formed by the narrowing of the soma and retraction of planar processes, which results in the appearance of an elongated, rod-shaped cell. Rod microglia are most commonly observed in the cortex, aligned perpendicular to the dural surface and adjacent to neuronal processes; in the hippocampus, they are aligned perpendicular to hippocampal layers. Furthermore, rod microglia form trains with one another, apical end to basal end. By replicating the process of sketching microscopic observation, rod microglia are re-defined by circumnutation around the long axis. In this update, we summarize the rod microglia variant in clinical and experimental literature and advocate for investigation into mechanisms of rod microglia origin and function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.