ArticleFrontiers in robotics and AI2020
Virtual Reality Is Sexist: But It Does Not Have to Be.
Article in Frontiers in robotics and AI, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 295 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of 4 Weeks or More Immersive Virtual Reality on Quality of Life and Physical Activity in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JMIR aging · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of virtual reality therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual reality applications based on instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) for cognitive intervention in older adults: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Cybersickness Variability by Race: Findings From 6 Studies and a Mini Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Pooled it
- Virtual reality simulation to enhance advanced trauma life support trainings - a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- Evaluating the Number of Trials for Stable Virtual Reality-Based Subjective Visual Vertical Measurement in Healthy Adults.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Assessing usability and acceptability of a VR digital therapeutic for treatment of substance use disorders.Journal of social work practice in the addictions · 2026Article
- Individual-difference factors in visually induced motion sickness and vection: Findings from multiple studies on field dependence, age, and biological sex.Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation · 2026Article
- Effects of Virtual Environmental Cues on Quiet Stance in Young Adults.Human factors · 2026Article
- Cybersickness-induced EEG responses in curved monitor and head-mounted display.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Assessment of cybersickness induced by augmented reality ultrasound procedures using head-mounted display.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Article
- Body-technology interfaces: digital corporeality and emerging psychopathology.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Interpupillary Distance Differs Between Ethnicities and Associates with Horizontal Strabismus Patterns: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- The interpupillary distance differs between ethnicities and associates with horizontal strabismus patterns: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Cybersickness Evaluation in Immersive Virtual Environments: A Systematic Review with Implications for Neurological Rehabilitation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- First experiences of immersive virtual reality as an additional learning tool in curricular teaching for orthopedic and trauma surgery.Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- User evaluation of a virtual reality simulation for anaesthesiologists-intensivists for non-technical skills.PEC innovation · 2025Article
- Factors Associated With the Ability To Keep Up With Technology Developments: Findings From a National Multigenerational Cross-Sectional Survey in Sweden.JMIR aging · 2025Article
- Validating sensory conflict theory and mitigating motion sickness in humans with galvanic vestibular stimulation.Communications engineering · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess what drives gender-based differences in the experience of cybersickness within virtual environments. In general, those who have studied cybersickness (i.e., motion sickness associated with virtual reality [VR] exposure), oftentimes report that females are more susceptible than males. As there are many individual factors that could contribute to gender differences, understanding the biggest drivers could help point to solutions. Two experiments were conducted in which males and females were exposed for 20 min to a virtual rollercoaster. In the first experiment, individual factors that may contribute to cybersickness were assessed via self-report, body measurements, and surveys. Cybersickness was measured via the simulator sickness questionnaire and physiological sensor data. Interpupillary distance (IPD) non-fit was found to be the primary driver of gender differences in cybersickness, with motion sickness susceptibility identified as a secondary driver. Females whose IPD could not be properly fit to the VR headset and had a high motion sickness history suffered the most cybersickness and did not fully recover within 1 h post exposure. A follow-on experiment demonstrated that when females could properly fit their IPD to the VR headset, they experienced cybersickness in a manner similar to males, with high cybersickness immediately upon cessation of VR exposure but recovery within 1 h post exposure. Taken together, the results suggest that gender differences in cybersickness may be largely contingent on whether or not the VR display can be fit to the IPD of the user; with a substantially greater proportion of females unable to achieve a good fit. VR displays may need to be redesigned to have a wider IPD adjustable range in order to reduce cybersickness rates, especially among females.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.