SynthesisFrontiers in robotics and AI2018
A Systematic Review of Social Presence: Definition, Antecedents, and Implications.
Synthesis in Frontiers in robotics and AI, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reviewing digital collaborative interactions with multimodal hyperscanning through an ever-growing database.Frontiers in neuroergonomics · 2026Pooled it
- Digital Interventions for Social Participation in Adults with Long-term Physical Conditions: A Systematic Review.Journal of medical systems · 2023Pooled it
- Open TSST VR: Psychobiological reactions to an open version of the Trier Social Stress Test in virtual reality.Behavior research methods · 2025Trial
- Designing Positive Psychology Interventions for Social Media: Cross-Sectional Web-Based Experiment With Young Adults With Cancer.JMIR cancer · 2024Trial
- The effect of metaverse on L2 vocabulary learning, retention, student engagement, presence, and community feeling.BMC psychology · 2024Trial
- Virtual Reality Therapy Assistants for Adjunctive Cue Exposure Training in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (VITAACue-AUD): Protocol for a Technical Feasibility Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Exploring conflict-related behavioral intentions in AI and human role-playing interventions: evidence from behavioral experiments and linguistic analyses.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Peer Effects on Safety and Productivity in a Simulated Workplace Through Usability and Ecological Validity Testing of a Nonimmersive Virtual Simulation With University Students: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Designing for Comfort in VR Public Speaking: How Avatar Realism and Natural Environments Shape User Experience and Stress Responses.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Can Medical Chatbots Trigger Disinhibition and Encourage Health Information Disclosure?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- StepsConnect: A Real-Time Step-Sensing Ambient Display System to Support Connectedness for Family Members Living Apart.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Human-like, Animal-like, or Object-like? The Impact of LLM-Based Virtual Doctor Avatar Design on User Emotion, Physiology, and Experience.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence and the Psychology of Human Connection.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Feasibility and Acceptability of Collaborative Augmented Reality for Older Adults and Companions: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Covert neural and autonomic signatures of shared perception.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing audience presence in music performance anxiety: a multilevel framework of external conditions and internal representation.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Cross-dimensional cultural identity: a multi-dimensional empirical investigation of VTuber audience behavior through the lens of theory of planned behavior.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Connected and confined: memories of digital experiences in relation to autonomy, competence, and relatedness during the COVID-19 pandemic.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2026Article
- How metaverse music platform cues shape content creation behavior: Evidence from social and flow pathways.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Social presence, or the feeling of being there with a "real" person, is a crucial component of interactions that take place in virtual reality. This paper reviews the concept, antecedents, and implications of social presence, with a focus on the literature regarding the predictors of social presence. The article begins by exploring the concept of social presence, distinguishing it from two other dimensions of presence-telepresence and self-presence. After establishing the definition of social presence, the article offers a systematic review of 233 separate findings identified from 152 studies that investigate the factors (i.e., immersive qualities, contextual differences, and individual psychological traits) that predict social presence. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of heightened social presence and when it does and does not enhance one's experience in a virtual environment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.