ArticleClinical pharmacology : advances and applications2021
Penetration of Flurbiprofen from a Locally Applied Sore Throat Lozenge and Spray into Cadaveric Human Pharynx Tissue: A Novel ex vivo Model and Microautoradiography Method.
Article in Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Flurbiprofen@ZIF-8 nanoformulation with potential for analgesia.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Role of In Vitro Tests in the Characterisation of Locally Applied, Locally Acting Drugs in the Throat: Application to Flurbiprofen.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Relationship between Pharmacokinetic Profile and Clinical Efficacy Data of Three Different Forms of Locally Applied Flurbiprofen in the Mouth/Throat.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveFlurbiprofen 8.75 mg lozenge and spray are used for symptomatic relief of sore throat, with a rapid onset of analgesia suggesting a localized mechanism of action. Building on previous studies, this investigation aimed to use microautoradiography to visualize the depth penetration of radiolabeled flurbiprofen into human pharynx tissue using an ex vivo model. Quantification of flurbiprofen in the tissue was performed to provide a quantitative representation of flurbiprofen distribution through the tissue.
methodsCadaveric human pharynx tissue was mounted between the donor and receiver compartments of a Franz diffusion cell. After that 8.75 mg spray and dissolved lozenge formulations, containing radiolabeled flurbiprofen, were added to the donor compartment of a Franz diffusion cell. After incubation for one hour, the pharynx tissue was removed, processed, and sectioned both horizontally and vertically. The sections were placed within an imaging cassette to determine the penetration of radiolabeled flurbiprofen visually, before being solubilized to quantify the amount of flurbiprofen present in each section.
resultsIn the horizontally sectioned samples, flurbiprofen was present in the top layers of all replicates and decreased in intensity throughout the tissue. Of the applied dose, 48.0-99.9% of flurbiprofen was detected in the top one-third of the pharynx tissue, closest to the dosing site, and 0-14.8% of flurbiprofen was detected within the deepest third of pharynx tissue, furthest from the dosing site. In the vertically sectioned tissue samples, radiolabeled flurbiprofen was found at a high intensity at the dosing site and reduced in intensity throughout the thickness of the tissue. Lateral penetration of flurbiprofen was also seen in tissue dosed with the spray.
conclusionOur findings demonstrate that lozenge and spray formulations of flurbiprofen can penetrate throughout the layers of cadaveric human pharynx tissue in an ex vivo model, as visualized by microautoradiography.
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