ReviewNature reviews. Cardiology2021
Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to the heart.
Review in Nature reviews. Cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted drug delivery systems for cardiovascular disease treatment: principles, targeting strategies, and future prospects.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine beyond carriers - devices, cells & living therapeutics.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Review
- Selective organ deposition of nanoparticles directed by metal-organic network coatings.Nature communications · 2026Article
- RNA splicing and cardiovascular disease: a guide for cardiologists.European heart journal · 2026Review
- Restoring autophagy-apoptosis balance in diabetic cardiomyopathy via a biomimetic, ROS-responsive nanocarrier associated with Mst1 pathway modulation.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Multimodal characterization of sustained bioagent release from an epicardial depot for long-term biomaterial incorporation.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Biologics for cardiovascular diseases: from bench to bedside.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Tissue-specific gene delivery approaches.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Engineering extracellular vesicles for targeted therapeutic delivery in the heart.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- mRNA medicine for cardiovascular disease.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Review
- Effective delivery of genome editor to cervical cancer targeting Mcl1 for cancer therapy.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Single intramuscular injection of self-amplifying RNA ofScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Advancing the Landscape of RNAi Nanotherapeutics for Ischemic Heart Disease.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Avenues for optimization of cardiac therapeutics by minimally invasive delivery.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- Machine Learning-Informed Nano Co-Assembly Inhibits Fibroblast Activation Protein and Improves Drug Delivery in Fibrotic Tissue.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Smart Hydrogel Doped by Metal-Organic Frameworks for Renewable Self-Pumping Enzymatic Reactors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Insights into Cardiomyocyte Regeneration from Screening and Transcriptomics Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting Strategies of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Gene therapy for cardiac arrhythmias.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Controlled Delivery of Gasotransmitters for Cardiovascular Therapy: Molecular Mechanisms, Engineered Platforms, and Translational Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For therapeutic materials to be successfully delivered to the heart, several barriers need to be overcome, including the anatomical challenges of access, the mechanical force of the blood flow, the endothelial barrier, the cellular barrier and the immune response. Various vectors and delivery methods have been proposed to improve the cardiac-specific uptake of materials to modify gene expression. Viral and non-viral vectors are widely used to deliver genetic materials, but each has its respective advantages and shortcomings. Adeno-associated viruses have emerged as one of the best tools for heart-targeted gene delivery. In addition, extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, which are secreted by most cell types, have gained popularity for drug delivery to several organs, including the heart. Accumulating evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles can carry and transfer functional proteins and genetic materials into target cells and might be an attractive option for heart-targeted delivery. Extracellular vesicles or artificial carriers of non-viral and viral vectors can be bioengineered with immune-evasive and cardiotropic properties. In this Review, we discuss the latest strategies for targeting and delivering therapeutic materials to the heart and how the knowledge of different vectors and delivery methods could successfully translate cardiac gene therapy into the clinical setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.