Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33500409›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Role of mutational reversions and fitness restoration in Zika virus spread to the Americas.

Jianying Liu, Yang Liu, Chao Shan, Bruno T D Nunes, Ruimei Yun, Sherry L Haller, Grace H Rafael, Sasha R Azar, Clark R Andersen, Kenneth Plante and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Zika Virus: A Tale of Two Lineages.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. First Evidence of Spillover ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jianying Liu *World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Yang Liu *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Chao ShanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Bruno T D NunesDepartment of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará State, Brazil.
Ruimei YunWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Sherry L HallerWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Grace H RafaelWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Sasha R AzarWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9182-216X
Clark R AndersenDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Kenneth PlanteWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-3167
Nikos VasilakisDepartment of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-3289
Pei-Yong ShiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. peshi@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-1616
Scott C WeaverWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA. sweaver@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-8556

Funding

Project 4 - Influenza - UABU19AI142759 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI WHITLEY, RICHARD J. · 2019 to 2023
$37.5M
World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA)R24AI120942 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI WEAVER, SCOTT C · 2016 to 2024
$8.5M
Revolutionary Eilat-based Chikungunya Vaccine VectorR01AI127744 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI WANG, TIAN · 2017 to 2021
$3.5M
Trajectory of Vector-adaptive Chikungunya Virus EvolutionR01AI121452 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI WEAVER, SCOTT C · 2016 to 2020
$2.3M
Discovery of Zika virus therapeutics using a replicon assayR41AI136126 · NIAID · MICROBIOTIX, INC · PI BOWLIN, TERRY L. · 2018 to 2019
$585k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI121452NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI127744NIAID NIH HHS R24 AI120942NIAID NIH HHS R41 AI136126NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142759
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged from obscurity in 2013 to spread from Asia to the South Pacific and the Americas, where millions of people were infected, accompanied by severe disease including microcephaly following congenital infections. Phylogenetic studies have shown that ZIKV evolved in Africa and later spread to Asia, and that the Asian lineage is responsible for the recent epidemics in the South Pacific and Americas. However, the reasons for the sudden emergence of ZIKV remain enigmatic. Here we report evolutionary analyses that revealed four mutations, which occurred just before ZIKV introduction to the Americas, represent direct reversions of previous mutations that accompanied earlier spread from Africa to Asia and early circulation there. Our experimental infections of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, human cells, and mice using ZIKV strains with and without these mutations demonstrate that the original mutations reduced fitness for urban, human-amplifed transmission, while the reversions restored fitness, increasing epidemic risk. These findings include characterization of three transmission-adaptive ZIKV mutations, and demonstration that these and one identified previously restored fitness for epidemic transmission soon before introduction into the Americas. The initial mutations may have followed founder effects and/or drift when the virus was introduced decades ago into Asia.

Indexed as

EpidemicsEvolution, MolecularGenetic FitnessAedesAfricaAmericasAmino Acid SubstitutionAnimalsAsiaCell LineDisease Models, AnimalFemaleFibroblastsHumansKeratinocytesMice

Identifiers

PMID33500409
PMCPMC7838395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.