ArticleBMC public health2021
Association between incarceration and incident cardiovascular disease events: results from the CARDIA cohort study.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of physical non-communicable disease in people who have experienced imprisonment compared with the general population in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Pooled it
- Skeletal muscle adiposity and cognitive decline in a biracial cohort: Insights from coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- State-of-the-Art Review: The Intersection of Infectious Diseases and Carceral Medicine.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Review
- Parental imprisonment, childhood behavioral problems, and adolescent and young adult cardiometabolic risk: results from a prospective Australian birth cohort study.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control Following Release From Carceral Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Challenging Health Inequities in Incarceration: a Call for Equitable Care for Kidney Disease and Hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2023Review
- The sleep justice study - a prospective cohort study assessing sleep as a cardiometabolic risk factor after incarceration: a protocol paper.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Invited Perspective: Uncovering Harmful Exposures in Carceral Environments.Environmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- A prospective cohort study examining exposure to incarceration and cardiovascular disease (Justice-Involved Individuals Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology - JUSTICE study): a protocol paper.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncarceration has been associated with higher cardiovascular risk, yet data evaluating its association with cardiovascular disease events are limited. The study objective was to evaluate the association between incarceration and incident fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.
methodsBlack and white adults from the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adult (CARDIA) study (baseline 1985-86, n = 5105) were followed through August 2017. Self-reported incarceration was measured at baseline (1985-1986) and Year 2 (1987-1988), and fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease events, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure, and all-cause mortality, were captured through 2017. Analyses were completed in September 2019. Cumulative CVD incidence rates and Cox proportional hazards were compared overall by incarceration status. An interaction between incarceration and race was identified, so results were also analyzed by sex-race groups.
results351 (6.9%) CARDIA participants reported a history of incarceration. Over 29.0 years mean follow-up, CVD incidence rate was 3.52 per 1000 person-years in participants with a history of incarceration versus 2.12 per 1000 person-years in participants without a history of incarceration (adjusted HR = 1.33 [95% CI, 0.90-1.95]). Among white men, incarceration was associated with higher risk of incident cardiovascular disease (adjusted HR = 3.35 [95% CI, 1.54-7.29) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 2.52 [95% CI, 1.32-4.83]), but these associations were not statistically significant among other sex-race groups after adjustment.
conclusionsIncarceration was associated with incident cardiovascular disease rates, but associations were only significant in one sex-race group after multivariable adjustment.
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Registered trials
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