ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Factors influencing stress, anxiety, and depression among Iranian pregnant women: the role of sexual distress and genital self-image.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Perinatal Anxiety and Related Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Pregorexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the constructs of body image dissatisfaction and eating disturbances by gestational age in the peripartum.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2023Pooled it
- Pelvic floor disorders and body image concerns as determinants of sexual desire during pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Association between climate change awareness and psychological distress among Turkish pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the quality of life in pregnancy scale (PREG-QOL): a translation and validation study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Female genital self-image and psychological distress: the serial mediating effects of existential shame and limited access to emotion regulation strategies.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Levels of stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy after bariatric surgery: A comparative study with women with obesity.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Gynecological Examination Anxiety, Genital Self-Image, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Women.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Sexual Dysfunction in the Life Cycle of Women: Implications for Psychological Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genital self-image and sexual distress in married women with and without sexual intimate partner violence experience in Iran.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Predictors of genital self-image in Iranian women: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- The Adverse Effects of Anxiety and Depression on Pregnant Women with Hypothyroidism in Late Pregnancy.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome elevates the distress of sexual pain in Iranian women with infertility.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Women's sexual health improvement: sexual quality of life and pelvic floor muscle assessment in asymptomatic women.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The effect of genital self-image on sexual satisfaction and stress in women after vaginal delivery.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among pregnant women in Herat, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Preferred mode of delivery association with the body image and genital image in pregnant women - a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Stress and resilience during pregnancy: A comparative study between pregnant and non-pregnant women in Ethiopia.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Level of exercise and physical activity among pregnant women in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPregnancy is a unique period with the increased likelihood of psychological changes and emotional disturbances such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In this study, we investigated the factors influencing depression, anxiety, and stress in pregnancy and identify their associations with Sexual Distress (SD) and Genital Self-Image (GSI).
methodsThis was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study performed using the two-stage cluster sampling method between September 2019 and January 2020. Overall, 295 pregnant women completed a demographics and obstetric information checklist, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSI), and Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R).
resultsAnalysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences in the mean scores of SD between the groups with varying degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress (P < 0.001) and in the mean score of GSI between the groups with varying degrees of depression (P = 0.01) and anxiety (P < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, higher (worse) depression, anxiety, and stress scores were found in women with more advanced age and higher SD scores; however, these scores were lower (better) in those with increased gestational age. Lower depression and anxiety scores were associated with moderate satisfaction with income, moderate satisfaction with BI in pregnancy, and lower stress and depression scores were linked to planned pregnancy. Higher (better) GSI score was a predictor of lower depression score, complication in a previous pregnancy was a predictor of higher stress score, and finally, fear of fetal abortion and being a housewife were predictors of a higher anxiety score.
conclusionVarious factors contribute to the development of antenatal depression, anxiety, and stress. A positive correlation was found between SD and the severity of depression, anxiety, and stress, while a negative correlation was noted between GSI and the severity of depression and anxiety. Therefore, raising awareness regarding SD and GSI through screening and counseling sessions can have beneficial effects for mothers and their fetuses.
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