SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Immunization Campaigns and Programs: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational health and safety in the wake of COVID-19: insights from India's workforce.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: an integrative review.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 on vaccine confidence and uptake: A systematic literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- [Vaccination coverage, beliefs, and attitudes in transplanted children and adolescents: a mixed-methods systematic review.]Revista espanola de salud publica · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of COVID-19 and catch-up strategies on routine childhood vaccine coverage trends in Latin America: A systematic literature review and database analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators of childhood COVID-19 vaccination among parents: A systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Disruptions to routine childhood vaccinations in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association between the rule of law and health-related sustainable development goals: an ecological study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Mapping inequities in global vaccine sentiment research.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Impediments to Progress Toward Polio Eradication During 2014-2024: Effectively Addressing the Current Challenges.Vaccines · 2025Review
- MMR Vaccination Coverage and Epidemiological Patterns in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, 2020-2024: Analysis of Suspected and Laboratory-Confirmed Cases.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Vaccine Dispensing in a Section of the Private Healthcare Sector in South Africa (2017-2021).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national trends in routine childhood vaccination coverage from 1980 to 2023 with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, clinical overview, and potential risk of a new pandemic of measles virus.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2025Review
- Childhood Immunization Coverage Before, During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Attention to COVID 19 pandemic resulted in increased measles cases and deaths in Zambia.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Assessing Immunization Coverage and the Negative Impact of Local Vaccine Production Cessation in Ecuador.Vaccines · 2025Article
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on health service delivery, including immunization programs, and this review assesses the impact on vaccine coverage across the globe and identifies the potential underlying factors. A systematic search strategy was employed on PubMed, Embase, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and WHO COVID-19 databases from December 2019 till 15 September 2020. Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, assessed quality, and extracted the data (PROSPERO registration #CRD42020182363). A total of 17 observational studies were included. The findings suggest that there was a reduction in the vaccination coverage and decline in total number of vaccines administered, which led to children missing out on their vaccine doses. An approximately fourfold increase was also observed in polio cases in polio endemic countries. Factors contributing to low vaccine coverage included fear of being exposed to the virus at health care facilities, restriction on city-wide movements, shortage of workers, and diversion of resources from child health to address the pandemic. As the world re-strategizes for the post-2020 era, we should not let a crisis go to waste as they provide an opportunity to establish guidelines and allocate resources for future instances. High-quality supplementary immunization activities and catch-up programs need to be established to address gaps during the pandemic era.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.