Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33499354›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

The Influence of Human-Animal Interactions on Mental and Physical Health during the First COVID-19 Lockdown Phase in the U.K.: A Qualitative Exploration.

Emily Shoesmith, Lion Shahab, Dimitra Kale, Daniel S Mills, Catherine Reeve, Paul Toner, Luciana Santos de Assis, Elena Ratschen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed.

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  3. 'Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Emily ShoesmithDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2420-4919
Lion ShahabDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4033-442X
Dimitra KaleDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
Daniel S MillsSchool of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4765-9625
Catherine ReeveSchool of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9522-903X
Paul TonerSchool of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7801-7636
Luciana Santos de AssisSchool of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, UK.
Elena RatschenDepartment of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4128-9608

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an opportunity to explore the role of animals as sources of emotional and physical support during a period when most of the population is experiencing social and environmental challenges. We investigated how companion animal owners perceived the influence of human-animal interaction on their physical and mental health during the first COVID-19 lockdown phase in the U.K., and what concerns they had regarding their animals at this time. We also explored the impact of participants' interaction with non-companion animals during this phase. A cross-sectional online survey of U.K. residents aged over 18 was conducted between April and June 2020. The final item of the survey invited open-ended free-text responses, allowing participants to describe any experiences and/or perceptions of their human-animal relationships during the COVID-19 lockdown phase. A qualitative thematic analysis of responses was undertaken. Four main themes related to the following aspects of human-animal interactions during the COVID-19 lockdown phase were identified: the positive impact of animal ownership during the COVID-19 lockdown (e.g., amelioration of wellbeing and mental health), concerns relating to animal ownership during the COVID-19 lockdown (e.g., concerns over animals carrying the COVID-19 virus), grief and loss of an animal during the COVID-19 lockdown and the impact of engaging with non-companion animals during the COVID-19 lockdown. The findings complement and extend previous insights into the impact of human-animal interaction with both companion and non-companion animals. They also highlight the challenges of caring for an animal during the lockdown phase and indicate the need to consider the development of further targeted support strategies, such as "day care" for the companion animals of key workers in this context.

Indexed as

Health StatusHuman-Animal InteractionMental HealthAdolescentAdultAgedAnimalsCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomYoung Adultcompanion animalsCOVID-19human–animal interactionhuman–animal relationshipslockdownlonelinessmental healthnon-companion animalssocial isolationwellbeing

Identifiers

PMID33499354
PMCPMC7908431

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.