Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33499242›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Bioactive Betulin and PEG Based Polyanhydrides for Use in Drug Delivery Systems.

Daria Niewolik, Barbara Bednarczyk-Cwynar, Piotr Ruszkowski, Tomasz R Sosnowski, Katarzyna Jaszcz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Polyanhydride Chemistry.Biomacromolecules · 2022
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Daria NiewolikDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2472-3943
Barbara Bednarczyk-CwynarDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Science, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2958-9106
Piotr RuszkowskiDepartment of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Rokietnicka 5a, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Tomasz R SosnowskiFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6775-3766
Katarzyna JaszczDepartment of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4883-8278

Funding

The Polish Budget Founds for Scientific Research in 2020 as core funding for R&D activities in the Silesian University of Technology funding for young scientists 04/040/BKM20/0133
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the course of this study, a series of novel, biodegradable polyanhydrides based on betulin disuccinate and dicarboxylic derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared by two-step polycondensation. These copolymers can be used as carriers in drug delivery systems, in the form of microspheres. Betulin and its derivatives exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activity, including cytotoxic activity, which makes them promising substances for use as therapeutic agents. Microspheres that were prepared from betulin based polyanhydrides show promising properties for use in application in drug delivery systems, including inhalation systems. The obtained copolymers release the active substance-betulin disuccinate-as a result of hydrolysis under physiological conditions. The use of a poly(ethylene glycol) derivative as a co-monomer increases the solubility and bioavailability of the obtained compounds. Microspheres with diameters in the range of 0.5-25 µm were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method and their physicochemical and aerodynamic properties were analyzed. The morphological characteristics of the microspheres depended on the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment within the structure of polyanhydrides. The porosity of the particles depended on the amount and molecular weight of the PEG used and also on the speed of homogenization. The most porous particles were obtained from polyanhydrides containing 20% wt. of PEG 600 by using a homogenization speed of 18,000 rpm.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsA549 CellsAerosolsBetulinic AcidCell Line, TumorDrug CarriersHeLa CellsHep G2 CellsHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationHydrolysisMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMCF-7 CellsMicrospheresMolecular WeightParticle SizeAerosolsbetulinBetulinic AcidDrug CarriersPhytochemicalsPolyanhydridesPolyethylene GlycolsPolymersSolventsTriterpenesbetulinbiodegradable microspherescytostatic activitydrug delivery systemspolyanhydrides

Identifiers

PMID33499242
PMCPMC7865682

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.