ReviewViruses2021
ABO Blood Types and COVID-19: Spurious, Anecdotal, or Truly Important Relationships? A Reasoned Review of Available Data.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- ABO blood types and SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed using seroprevalence data in a large population-based sample: the SAPRIS-SERO multi-cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Impact of ABO Blood System on Immunogenicity and Vaccine Efficacy of COVID-19 Booster Vaccination-A Population-Based Study of 3066 Individuals.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Blood Group Antigen Combinations and COVID-19: Complexity, Associations and Possible Clinical Relevance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- ABO blood group distribution and infertility risk in Southern China: a retrospective analysis of the Ganzhou Region.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- Do certain blood groups increase COVID-19 severity and mortality?Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and blood group-related antigens: can natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies provide innate protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection?Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Tracking the evolution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and long-term humoral immunity within 2 years after COVID-19 infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Investigating ABO Blood Groups and Secretor Status in Relation to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Immunologic and inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications in renal disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence surveys in blood donors before the vaccination campaign, France 2020-2021.iScience · 2023Article
- Blood Type Associated with the Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Pregnant Women.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Blood-Type-A is a COVID-19 infection and hospitalization risk in a Turkish cohort.Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine · 2023Article
- ABO Blood Groups and Incidence of COVID-19 in the Mass Gathering Events in Borriana (Spain), March 2020: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD TYPE AND MORTALITY OF COVID-19: A HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY IN NATIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL, INDONESIA.African journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- COVID-19 host genetics and ABO blood group susceptibility.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2023Review
- Observational
- HLA and red blood cell antigen genotyping in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donors.Future virology · 2023Article
- A large cohort study of the effects of Lewis, ABO, 13 other blood groups, and secretor status on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and long COVID-19.Transfusion · 2023Article
- ABO blood group is involved in the quality of the specific immune response anti-SARS-CoV-2.Virulence · 2022Article
- ABO blood groups and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Protoplasma · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the emergence of COVID-19, many publications have reported associations with ABO blood types. Despite between-study discrepancies, an overall consensus has emerged whereby blood group O appears associated with a lower risk of COVID-19, while non-O blood types appear detrimental. Two major hypotheses may explain these findings: First, natural anti-A and anti-B antibodies could be partially protective against SARS-CoV-2 virions carrying blood group antigens originating from non-O individuals. Second, O individuals are less prone to thrombosis and vascular dysfunction than non-O individuals and therefore could be at a lesser risk in case of severe lung dysfunction. Here, we review the literature on the topic in light of these hypotheses. We find that between-study variation may be explained by differences in study settings and that both mechanisms are likely at play. Moreover, as frequencies of ABO phenotypes are highly variable between populations or geographical areas, the ABO coefficient of variation, rather than the frequency of each individual phenotype is expected to determine impact of the ABO system on virus transmission. Accordingly, the ABO coefficient of variation correlates with COVID-19 prevalence. Overall, despite modest apparent risk differences between ABO subtypes, the ABO blood group system might play a major role in the COVID-19 pandemic when considered at the population level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.