ReviewCancers2021
Chimeric Antigen Receptor beyond CAR-T Cells.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- B Cells and Tumor Immunometabolism: Emerging Insights into Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Resistance.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Phosphoproteomic analysis of successive Jurkat CD19-CAR generations reveals TCRζ-driven signalling.Cellular signalling · 2026Article
- CAR-engineered cell therapies: current understandings and future perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Emerging Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Immune Cell Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Advances, and Future Perspectives.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Tumor-embedded Immunity and TRM Cell Functions in Cancer.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Immune cell-based therapies for solid tumors, current challenges and therapeutic advances.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- CSF1R-CAR T cells induce CSF1R signaling and can promote target cell proliferation.Science signaling · 2025Article
- B7-H3: a promising target for immunotherapy in glioma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Split NeissLock with Spy-Acceleration Arms Mammalian Proteins for Anhydride-Mediated Cell Ligation.ACS chemical biology · 2025Article
- Rational design of lipid nanoparticles for enabling gene therapies.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapy for glioblastoma: advances, challenges, and future directions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Recent progress in stem cell and immune cell-based interventions for aging and age-related disorders.Frontiers in aging · 2025Review
- Synergistic integration of mRNA-LNP with CAR-engineered immune cells: Pioneering progress in immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- The next frontier in immunotherapy: potential and challenges of CAR-macrophages.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Cell membrane patches transfer CAR molecules from a cellular depot to conventional T cells for constructing innovative fused-CAR-T cells without necessitating genetic modification.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Article
- A new vision of the efficacy of both CAR-NK and CAR-T cells in treating cancers and autoimmune diseases.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- The therapeutic role of γδT cells in TNBC.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer progression.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are genetically engineered receptors that can recognise specific antigens and subsequently activate downstream signalling. Human T cells engineered to express a CAR, also known as CAR-T cells, can target a specific tumour antigen on the cell surface to mediate a cytotoxic response against the tumour. CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating hematologic malignancies, but not in solid tumours. Currently, extensive research is being carried out to make CAR-T cells a therapy for solid tumours. To date, most of the research interest in the field has focused on cytotoxic T lymphocytes as the carrier of CAR products. However, in addition to T cells, the CAR design can be introduced in other immune cells, such as natural killer (NK)/NKT cells, γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, regulatory T cells (Treg), B cells, etc. Some of the CAR-engineered immune cells, such as CAR- γδ T and CAR-NK/NK-T cells, are directly involved in the anti-tumour response, demonstrated in preclinical studies and/or clinical trials. CAR-Tregs showed promising therapeutic potential in treating autoimmune diseases. In particular, B cells engineered with chimeric receptors can be used as a platform for long-term delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as recombinant antibodies or protein replacement, in an antigen-specific manner. CAR technology is one of the most powerful engineering platforms in immunotherapy, especially for the treatment of cancers. In this review, we will discuss the recent application of the CAR design in non-CAR-T cells and future opportunities in immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.