Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33499047›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Effect of Cetuximab-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles on the Cytotoxicity and Phenotypic Evolution of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Ralph El Hallal, Nana Lyu, Yuling Wang

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  5. Mechanisms and Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ralph El HallalDepartment of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Nana LyuDepartment of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1384-9308
Yuling WangDepartment of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3627-7397
Macquarie University · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is estimated to be overexpressed in 60~80% of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is associated with a poor prognosis. Anti-EGFR targeted monoclonal antibodies (cetuximab and panitumumab) have played an important role in the treatment of metastatic CRC. However, the therapeutic response of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies is limited due to multiple resistance mechanisms. With the discovery of new functions for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), we hypothesize that cetuximab-conjugated AuNPs (cetuximab-AuNPs) will not only improve the cytotoxicity for cancer cells, but also introduce expression change of the related biomarkers on cancer cell surface. In this contribution, we investigated the size-dependent cytotoxicity of cetuximab-AuNPs to CRC cell line (HT-29), while also monitored the expression of cell surface biomarkers in response to treatment with cetuximab and cetuximab-AuNPs. AuNPs with the size of 60 nm showed the highest impact for cell cytotoxicity, which was tested by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Three cell surface biomarkers including epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-3 (HER-3) were found to be expressed at higher heterogeneity when cetuximab was conjugated to AuNPs. Both surface-enhanced Raman scattering/spectroscopy (SERS) and flow cytometry demonstrated the correlation of cell surface biomarkers in response to the drug treatment. We thus believe this study provides powerful potential for drug-conjugated AuNPs to enhance cancer prognosis and therapy.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalBiomarkers, TumorCD146 AntigenCell SurvivalCetuximabColorectal NeoplasmsEpithelial Cell Adhesion MoleculeGoldHT29 CellsHumansMetal NanoparticlesNanoconjugatesParticle SizePhenotypeReceptor, ErbB-3Signal TransductionAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalBiomarkers, TumorCD146 AntigenCetuximabEPCAM protein, humanEpithelial Cell Adhesion MoleculeERBB3 protein, humanGoldMCAM protein, humanNanoconjugatesReceptor, ErbB-3cetuximabcolorectal cancercytotoxicityepidermal growth factor receptorgold nanoparticlesphenotypessurface-enhanced Raman scattering/spectroscopy

Identifiers

PMID33499047
PMCPMC7865832
OpenAlexW3121829375

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.