ArticleCancers2021
Soluble PD-1 but Not PD-L1 Levels Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with High-Risk Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic and clinicopathological role of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic value of soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Pooled it
- A systemic immune signature stratifies early-stage breast cancer patients and reveals soluble IL-2RA and PD-1 as potential independent prognostic biomarkers.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Article
- A dual compartment peripheral blood signature of soluble and membrane-bound immune checkpoints predicts outcome in lymphoma patients.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Characterization of alternative sPD-1 isoforms reveals that ECD sPD-1 signature predicts an efficient antitumor response.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Prognostic significance of soluble PD-L1 in prostate cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Possible Clinical Significance of a Decreased Serum Level of Soluble PD-L1 in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, but Not in Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus-A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Tumor Cell-Autonomous Pro-Metastatic Activities of PD-L1 in Human Breast Cancer Are Mediated by PD-L1-S283 and Chemokine Axes.Cancers · 2022Article
- Biological Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Soluble PD-1/PD-L1 and Exosomal PD-L1 in Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Therapy Strategy of CD47 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).Disease markers · 2021Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 Axis as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis: A T Cell Perspective.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Interaction of checkpoint receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) with its ligand 1 (PD-L1) downregulates T cell effector functions and thereby leads to tumor immune escape. Here, we aimed to determine the clinical significance of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We included 121 high-risk DLBCL patients treated in the Nordic NLG-LBC-05 trial with dose-dense immunochemotherapy. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were measured from serum samples collected prior to treatment, after three immunochemotherapy courses, and at the end of therapy. sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels were the highest in pretreatment samples, declining after three courses, and remaining low post-treatment. Pretreatment sPD-1 levels correlated with the quantities of PD1+ T cells in tumor tissue and translated to inferior survival, while no correlation was observed between sPD-L1 levels and outcome. The relative risk of death was 2.9-fold (95% CI 1.12-7.75,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.