ArticleToxins2021
Dose-Response Study of Microcystin Congeners MCLA, MCLR, MCLY, MCRR, and MCYR Administered Orally to Mice.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cyanopeptide Mixtures Induce Variable Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects Across Diverse Human Cell Lines.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- Interannual variation in freshwater and marine phycotoxins quantified from oysters cultured across diverse coastal sites.Aquaculture reports · 2026Article
- Microcystis aeruginosa detected in freshwater lakes in Meghalaya, India show strong hepatotoxicity.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Microcystin-LR and its health impacts: Chemistry, transmission routes, mechanisms of toxicity and target organs.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Guarding Drinking Water Safety against Harmful Algal Blooms: Could UV/ClEnvironmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Short-term ingestion of sublethal microcystin levels disrupts stress response in male mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Unprecedented toxic blooms of Microcystis spp. in 2019 in the Chowan River, North Carolina.Harmful algae · 2024Article
- Effects of the catastrophic 2020 Yangtze River seasonal floods on microcystins and environmental conditions in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Aerosolized Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins: Microcystin Congeners Quantified in the Atmosphere.Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Article
- Microcystin congeners in Lake Erie follow the seasonal pattern of nitrogen availability.Harmful algae · 2023Article
- Co-Occurrence of Taste and Odor Compounds and Cyanotoxins in Cyanobacterial Blooms: Emerging Risks to Human Health?Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Article
- Nitrogen form, concentration, and micronutrient availability affect microcystin production in cyanobacterial blooms.Harmful algae · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microcystins are common freshwater cyanobacterial toxins that affect liver function. The toxicities of five microcystin congeners (microcystin-LA (MCLA), MCLR, MCLY, MCRR, and MCYR) commonly observed in harmful algal blooms (HABs) were evaluated in BALB/c mice after a single oral administration of doses ranging from those that were no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) to lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs). Animals were monitored for changes in behavior and appearance, and euthanized 24 h after dosing. Test endpoints included clinical changes, necropsy observations, and serum indicators of hepatic toxicity and general homeostasis. Doses were 0.5-7 mg/kg MCLA, 0.5-11 mg/kg MCLR, 1-7 mg/kg MCLY, 7-22 mg/kg MCRR, and 3-11 mg/kg MCYR. MCLA at 3 mg/kg elevated liver/body weight ratio and liver score, ALT, AST, and GLDH, indicating hepatic toxicity, reduced serum glucose and highly elevated total serum bilirubin. MCLR and MCLY induced similar effects with LOAELs of 5 mg/kg, although a greater extent and severity of effects were observed in MCLR animals. MCRR exposure at 22 mg/kg was associated with reduced serum glucose. MCYR induced scattered liver effects at 7 mg/kg and reduced serum glucose levels at 5 mg/kg. The results indicate significant differences in congener-induced toxicity after microcystin exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.