ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The Biochemical Pathways of Nicotinamide-Derived Pyridones.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synthesis of USP Grade [2,3,7-Journal of labelled compounds & radiopharmaceuticals · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the Insecticidal Activity, Formulation, and Computational Study of Some Hydrazone and Pyridazin-3(2H)-one Derivatives.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Metabolic Pathway Tracing for NADMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Regulation of and challenges in targeting NADNature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Synthesis, Detection, and Metabolism of Pyridone Ribosides, Products of NAD Overoxidation.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Elevated Plasma Concentration of 4-Pyridone-3-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribonucleoside (4PYR) Highlights Malignancy of Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Polymorphisms and Pharmacogenomics ofGenes · 2024Review
- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in Aging Biology: Potential Applications and Many Unknowns.Endocrine reviews · 2023Review
- Specific quinone reductase 2 inhibitors reduce metabolic burden and reverse Alzheimer's disease phenotype in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Defining NAD(P)(H) Catabolism.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The Construction of Polycyclic Pyridones via Ring-Opening Transformations of 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,1-Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Conformational Preferences of Pyridone Adenine Dinucleotides from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The significance of NAD + metabolites and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in chronic kidney disease.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- NADCell systems · 2021Article
- Neuroprotective Properties of Quinone Reductase 2 Inhibitor M-11, a 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Derivative.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As catabolites of nicotinamide possess physiological relevance, pyridones are often included in metabolomics measurements and associated with pathological outcomes in acute kidney injury (AKI). Pyridones are oxidation products of nicotinamide, its methylated form, and its ribosylated form. While they are viewed as markers of over-oxidation, they are often wrongly reported or mislabeled. To address this, we provide a comprehensive characterization of these catabolites of vitamin B3, justify their nomenclature, and differentiate between the biochemical pathways that lead to their generation. Furthermore, we identify an enzymatic and a chemical process that accounts for the formation of the ribosylated form of these pyridones, known to be cytotoxic. Finally, we demonstrate that the ribosylated form of one of the pyridones, the 4-pyridone-3-carboxamide riboside (4PYR), causes HepG3 cells to die by autophagy; a process that occurs at concentrations that are comparable to physiological concentrations of this species in the plasma in AKI patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.