ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Role of TLR2 and TLR4 in Recognition and Uptake of the Apicomplexan Parasite
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- A 'Tangled Web' in the CNS: unraveling neutrophil extracellular traps in neurological disorders.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Article
- Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune response correlate with the pathogenicity of Eimeria tenella infection in SPF chickens.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer Metastasis: From Mechanistic Understanding to Targeted Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- TRIM30a coordinates neutrophil-macrophage crosstalk to resolve inflammation and drive osseointegration via suppressing NETosis/cGAS-STING axis.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer: From mechanisms to treatments.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Early responses of primary human and bovine monocytes, monocytic THP-1 cells and THP-1 cell-derived macrophages to vitalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Temporal Dynamics and Molecular Regulation Profiles of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Following Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- An Aedes-Anopheles Vaccine Candidate Supplemented with BCG Epitopes Against the Aedes and Anopheles Genera to Overcome Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites.Acta parasitologica · 2024Article
- Toxoplasma gondii-induced neutrophil extracellular traps are relevant to glycolysis, TLR2, and TLR4 MAPK signaling pathway in goats.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Toll-like receptor 2-mediated downstream cytokine levels as determinant of malaria pathogenesis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2023Article
- ATP Induces Interleukin-8, Intracellular Calcium Release, and ERK1/2 Phosphorylation in Bovine Endometrial Cells, Partially through P2Y Receptors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Article
- LncRNAs and regulated cell death in tumor cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Dynamics of cell cycle proteins involved inFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) constitutively express the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR2 and TLR4 and have been shown to generate Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) upon exposure to
methodsTLR expression was performed by flow cytometric analysis on PMN exposed to live carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-stained sporozoites. Supernatants of PMN exposed to different
resultswe observed significantly increased TLR2 and TLR4 expression with a mean increase in expression that was greater for TLR2 than TLR4. This upregulation neither inhibited nor promoted sporozoite phagocytosis by bovine PMN. Live sporozoites together with anti-TLR2 mAb resulted in a significant enhancement of IL-8 production. NF-κB activation was more strongly induced in TLR2-HEK cells than in TLR4/MD2-HEK cells exposed to heat-killed sporozoites and antigens. Immunofluorescence analysis showed TLR-positive signals on the surface of PMN and concomitant NET formation.
conclusionsThis is the first report on
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.