ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Improved Antioxidant Capacity of Black Tea Waste Utilizing PlantCrystals.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Silymarin PlantCrystals for Improved Dermal Drug Delivery.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nano-PhotoCrystals (Photosensitive Nanocrystals) of Aloe Emodin Combined with Dissolving Microneedles for Dual Smart Targeting of Acute Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Challenges, Unmet Needs, and Future Directions for Nanocrystals in Dermal Drug Delivery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Assessment of formulation variables of poor water soluble diacerein for its improved loading and anti-inflammatory activity.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Assessing the Oxidative State of the Skin by Combining Classical Tape Stripping with ORAC Assay.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cucumber-Derived Exosome-like Vesicles and PlantCrystals for Improved Dermal Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Production and Characterization of Sumac PlantCrystals: Influence of High-Pressure Homogenization on Antioxidant Activity of Sumac (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antioxidants are recommended to prevent and treat oxidative stress diseases. Plants are a balanced source of natural antioxidants, but the poor solubility of plant active molecules in aqueous media can be a problem for the formulation of pharmaceutical products. The potential of PlantCrystal technology is known to improve the extraction efficacy and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of different plants. However, it is not yet proved for plant waste. Black tea (BT) infusion is consumed worldwide and thus a huge amount of waste occurs as a result. Therefore, BT waste was recycled into PlantCrystals using small-scale bead milling. Their characteristics were compared with the bulk-materials and tea infusion, including particle size and antioxidant capacity (AOC) in-vitro. Waste PlantCrystals possessed a size of about 280 nm. Their AOC increased with decreasing size according to the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assays. The AOC of the waste increased about nine-fold upon nanonization, leading to a significantly higher AOC than the bulk-waste and showed no significant difference to the infusion and the used standard according to DPPH assay. Based on the results, it is confirmed that the PlantCrystal technology represents a natural, cost-effective plant-waste recycling method and presents an alternative source of antioxidant phenolic compounds.
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